论文部分内容阅读
近年来,考生普遍反映任务型阅读题题型较难!可是这个“难”重点体现在哪个方面呢?其实试卷中所给的短文往往行文流畅,条理清晰,文章内容并不是晦涩难懂,而题目的设置可能是阻碍考生拿高分的重要原因。大家都知道,高考英语任务型阅读解题即所填写的词往往是在文章中直接查找、根据相关内容进行转换或者对某些部分进行归纳或总结概括。随着查找题的减少和归纳总结题的增加,这就给大多数英语基础不扎实的考生带来了一定的困难。另外值得一提的是,如果某套试卷的难度系数相对提高,则对考生顺利完成任务型阅读也提出了更大的挑战。
其实,英语任务型阅读在英语学习过程中并不是太难的题目,只要考生平时加强训练,不断总结;只要考生知晓出题人对考生的要求;只要考生从学习态度上、心理上高度重视,那么,在高考时就一定能拿足拿满此题的分数!
任务型阅读的解题可以分为三点:信息查找,词形转换和概括总结。
首先,信息查找题。信息查找就是在文中直接找到原词,这要求我们能快速在文章中查找到相关细节,锁定信息来源,并用文章中的词来填空,该词不作任何变化,就连大小写也不需要变化。但要提醒考生注意的是:少数信息查找题不是轻而易举就能找到答案的,要么就是原句较短,题目中转化过来的句子较长,或是原句较长,但题目中转化过来的句子较短;要么就是经过转化的句子和原句所用句型完全不同,这种情况下,所要填写的词虽然在原文中可以找到,但到哪儿去找呢?那些词太隐蔽了,一些基础不扎实的考生如果不认真阅读,往往发现不了,在这种情况下,考生一定要认真对比信息,通过一遍又一遍的甄别和筛选之后,才能最后把要填的词锁定在原文的某个关键词上。
第二类是词形转换题。根据所给填词要求,对某些信息进行加工处理,用另一种词形表达,达到组织信息的目的。词形转换常分为:
1. 词的大小写转换题。这种情况有考生可能理解为信息查找题,其实不是,信息查找是指无需加工变化,而改变了大小写,则意义不一样,这一点要提醒考生注意,如果不根据要求变化,失分会很严重。
2. 近义词与反义词的转换题。根据任务型阅读题型中提供的已有信息必须要进行转换,尽管文中也能发现相关的词语,但没能依据特定的语境进行必要的词语的转换,那同样会失分。比如将肯定的语气转化为否定的形式等。例如: Tom failed the midterm examination. 转换为:Tom did not pass the midterm examination.
3. 词性的转换。要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语,灵活地转变词性。比如:动词转变为形容词,形容词转变为名词,等等。例如: Needs and expectations of others should be taken into consideration.转换为:We should consider what the other person needs and expects.
4. 词形的变化的转换题。主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架,来敲定词语的各种形式。例如:过去式分词需要在题目中使用现在分词或动名词,形容词转换为副词等。例如: Research findings: People perform better when thinking positively. 此句的相应的原句信息是:Research shows that when people work with a positive mindset, performance on early every levelproductivity, creativity, involvementimproves.
5. 词缀转换题。英语构词法可以分为前缀与后缀,在有一定难度的任务题中要特别小心。例如:Li Ping felt not comfortable with the girls around him. 转换句可以是:Li Ping felt uncomfortable with the girls who are around him.
6. 句与单词和词组与单词等的转换题也叫作结构转换题。有时尽管文章无法一下子找到任务型阅读题型中出现的答案,但是依据文章的上下文以及文中句子的解释,则可以联系掌握的英语基础知识,得出相应的答案。例如: With the university expanding, she becomes more famous and popular. 与下面句可以转换为:As the university expands, she becomes more famous and popular. 考生还可以记住一些转换的词汇;如:
a. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.
b. affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.
c. at the beginning = at first
d. be accused of = be charged with
e. be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary
f. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for
g. besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from
h. be better than = be superior to
i. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones j. consider... = take... into consideration / account
k. compensate for = make up for
l. commit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.
m. cater to / for ones needs / demands / requirements = satisfy / meet ones...
n. valuable information = information of great value
o. understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.
p. matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
q. despite = in spite of
r. learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens
s. list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at
t. have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to
u. most of the people = the majority of the people
v. starve to death = die of hunger / starvation
w. socially responsible = social responsibility
x. sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth.
y. make full use of = make the most of
z. partly=in part
第三类是信息归纳或概括题。这种题目有一定的挑战性,因为考生不能一下从文中找出答案,也不能直接根据什么内容进行转换就得到结果。但考试可以根据短文和此空后上下和前后相应内容提供的信息来进行归纳或概括。比如答题内容或表格左上面有topic字样,接着又有supporting出现,那下面就有可能要你填conclusion等词。不过做这类题需要熟记下面相应词汇。
原因和结果:reason (for), result; cause (of), effect; consequence
异同点与优缺点:difference, similarity; advantage / benefit, disadvantage
观点与态度:opinion, view (on / about), viewpoint, idea; attitude to / towards
方式、方法:means, way, method (of); solution, approach (to doing sth.)
目的:purpose, aim, goal
积极和消极:positive, negative; optimistic
建议: advice [u], suggestion, tip
概括、总结:summary, conclusion
特点:feature, characteristic
种类:kind, type, category, class
精神上与身体上:mentally, physically
影响:influence, impact, effect (on)
情形,状况:situation,condition
不过,要做好任务型阅读,必须要有清晰的解题思路。即:先认真读题,通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前,心中有数,不会因为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握。第二,结合题目的基本模式,可以判断出文章的行文特点。例如:说明文解决的是介绍某种物品或事物,其特征无外乎描述特征,阐述用途;议论性的文章主要提出一种观点或一个问题,再利用一些论据来证明这个观点或者来说明解决问题的途径和方式。
总之,功夫不负有心人,有输入就会有输出,只要平时注重训练,考试时多加细心,任务型阅读的分数还是轻而易举地就能拿到的。
(作者:王洁梅,海安县李堡中学)
其实,英语任务型阅读在英语学习过程中并不是太难的题目,只要考生平时加强训练,不断总结;只要考生知晓出题人对考生的要求;只要考生从学习态度上、心理上高度重视,那么,在高考时就一定能拿足拿满此题的分数!
任务型阅读的解题可以分为三点:信息查找,词形转换和概括总结。
首先,信息查找题。信息查找就是在文中直接找到原词,这要求我们能快速在文章中查找到相关细节,锁定信息来源,并用文章中的词来填空,该词不作任何变化,就连大小写也不需要变化。但要提醒考生注意的是:少数信息查找题不是轻而易举就能找到答案的,要么就是原句较短,题目中转化过来的句子较长,或是原句较长,但题目中转化过来的句子较短;要么就是经过转化的句子和原句所用句型完全不同,这种情况下,所要填写的词虽然在原文中可以找到,但到哪儿去找呢?那些词太隐蔽了,一些基础不扎实的考生如果不认真阅读,往往发现不了,在这种情况下,考生一定要认真对比信息,通过一遍又一遍的甄别和筛选之后,才能最后把要填的词锁定在原文的某个关键词上。
第二类是词形转换题。根据所给填词要求,对某些信息进行加工处理,用另一种词形表达,达到组织信息的目的。词形转换常分为:
1. 词的大小写转换题。这种情况有考生可能理解为信息查找题,其实不是,信息查找是指无需加工变化,而改变了大小写,则意义不一样,这一点要提醒考生注意,如果不根据要求变化,失分会很严重。
2. 近义词与反义词的转换题。根据任务型阅读题型中提供的已有信息必须要进行转换,尽管文中也能发现相关的词语,但没能依据特定的语境进行必要的词语的转换,那同样会失分。比如将肯定的语气转化为否定的形式等。例如: Tom failed the midterm examination. 转换为:Tom did not pass the midterm examination.
3. 词性的转换。要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语,灵活地转变词性。比如:动词转变为形容词,形容词转变为名词,等等。例如: Needs and expectations of others should be taken into consideration.转换为:We should consider what the other person needs and expects.
4. 词形的变化的转换题。主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架,来敲定词语的各种形式。例如:过去式分词需要在题目中使用现在分词或动名词,形容词转换为副词等。例如: Research findings: People perform better when thinking positively. 此句的相应的原句信息是:Research shows that when people work with a positive mindset, performance on early every levelproductivity, creativity, involvementimproves.
5. 词缀转换题。英语构词法可以分为前缀与后缀,在有一定难度的任务题中要特别小心。例如:Li Ping felt not comfortable with the girls around him. 转换句可以是:Li Ping felt uncomfortable with the girls who are around him.
6. 句与单词和词组与单词等的转换题也叫作结构转换题。有时尽管文章无法一下子找到任务型阅读题型中出现的答案,但是依据文章的上下文以及文中句子的解释,则可以联系掌握的英语基础知识,得出相应的答案。例如: With the university expanding, she becomes more famous and popular. 与下面句可以转换为:As the university expands, she becomes more famous and popular. 考生还可以记住一些转换的词汇;如:
a. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.
b. affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.
c. at the beginning = at first
d. be accused of = be charged with
e. be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary
f. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for
g. besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from
h. be better than = be superior to
i. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones j. consider... = take... into consideration / account
k. compensate for = make up for
l. commit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.
m. cater to / for ones needs / demands / requirements = satisfy / meet ones...
n. valuable information = information of great value
o. understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.
p. matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference
q. despite = in spite of
r. learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens
s. list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at
t. have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to
u. most of the people = the majority of the people
v. starve to death = die of hunger / starvation
w. socially responsible = social responsibility
x. sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth.
y. make full use of = make the most of
z. partly=in part
第三类是信息归纳或概括题。这种题目有一定的挑战性,因为考生不能一下从文中找出答案,也不能直接根据什么内容进行转换就得到结果。但考试可以根据短文和此空后上下和前后相应内容提供的信息来进行归纳或概括。比如答题内容或表格左上面有topic字样,接着又有supporting出现,那下面就有可能要你填conclusion等词。不过做这类题需要熟记下面相应词汇。
原因和结果:reason (for), result; cause (of), effect; consequence
异同点与优缺点:difference, similarity; advantage / benefit, disadvantage
观点与态度:opinion, view (on / about), viewpoint, idea; attitude to / towards
方式、方法:means, way, method (of); solution, approach (to doing sth.)
目的:purpose, aim, goal
积极和消极:positive, negative; optimistic
建议: advice [u], suggestion, tip
概括、总结:summary, conclusion
特点:feature, characteristic
种类:kind, type, category, class
精神上与身体上:mentally, physically
影响:influence, impact, effect (on)
情形,状况:situation,condition
不过,要做好任务型阅读,必须要有清晰的解题思路。即:先认真读题,通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前,心中有数,不会因为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握。第二,结合题目的基本模式,可以判断出文章的行文特点。例如:说明文解决的是介绍某种物品或事物,其特征无外乎描述特征,阐述用途;议论性的文章主要提出一种观点或一个问题,再利用一些论据来证明这个观点或者来说明解决问题的途径和方式。
总之,功夫不负有心人,有输入就会有输出,只要平时注重训练,考试时多加细心,任务型阅读的分数还是轻而易举地就能拿到的。
(作者:王洁梅,海安县李堡中学)