在设计、修建和改建桥渡和沿河路堤的工作中,总会遇到一些通过水力计算不好解决的问题。如一河多桥的桥位和孔径布置;复杂条件下桥渡的泄洪能力和桥前壅水;桥墩台的冲刷和防护;导流工程的布置和设计以及沿河路 In the work of designing, constructing and rebuilding bridge bridges and river embankments, there are always some problems that are not well solved by hydraulic calculation. Such as the layout of bridge positions and apertures of a river multi-bridge; the flood discharge capacity of the bridge crossing under the complex conditions and the water flow in front of the bridge; the erosion and protection of piers and abutments; the layout and design of the diversion works,