论文部分内容阅读
器官移植拯救了无数患者的生命，但器官捐献者的队伍仍然不够强大。那么，应不应陔要求每个人在死后捐献出自己的器官呢？英国政府正在为这一问题煞费苦心。
I
t's a tragedy that could be avoided: everyyear; more than 400 people in Britain die whilewaiting for a replacement organ for their bodies.Although organ transplants have been savinglives for more than 50 years, the right body part isoften not available at the right time simply because notenough people choose to be donors. Shouldpeople therefore be required to allow their organs to beused by others after death?
The British Medical Association (BMA), whichrepresents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of"presumed consent" would automatically makeeveryone over the age of 16 an organ donor, individualswould be allowed to "opt out", or decide not to be anorgan donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA pointsto much higher organ donation rates in countries thathave opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austriaand the Czech Republic.
这
是一个可以避免的悲剧：每年英国都有四百多人在等待器官移植的过程中死去。虽然五卜多年来，器官移植已经挽救了很多人的生命，但是合适的器官经常不能及时供给，因为愿意捐献器官的人不够多。那么，应不应该要求人们同意在死后让别人使用自己的器官呢？
代表伞英国医生的英国医学会(BMA)对这个问题做出了肯定的回答。一种“默许”机制将使所有16岁以上的人都自动成为器官捐献者。当然，该机制会允许人们根据自己的意愿“选择退出一，也就是选择不成为器官捐献者。英国医学会指出，实行这种一选择退出”机制的国家，如西班牙、比利时、奥地利和捷克，都有着较高的器官捐献率。
England's chief medical officer.Sir Liam Donaldson,also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-into opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants ofcritical organs, tissues, skin and bone.
Britain's National Health Service (NHS) currentlycounts 14.3 million organ do,'tots on a list that began in 1994.Not everyone wants to participate, however: according tothe NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organdonation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.
Why the discrepancy? One reason is that organdonation is a personal matter. Another reason may beindecision: when families are not sure about a deadrelative's wishes, 40 per cent decide not to donate his or herorgans. Interestingly; religion has little to do with a decisionnot to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain supportorgan donation and transplantation.
The government decided in 2004 how the systemof organ donation should work--without a policy ofpresumed consent. Opinion among members of parliamentcontinues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things arenow, one in 10 Britons in need of an organ will never get one.
英格兰首席医疗官利亚姆·庸纳森爵士也希望将目前的“选择加入”机制改为“选择退出”机制。对于英国目前7，500名等待重要器官、组织、皮肤和骨骼移植的病人来说，这无疑是个好消息。
英国国家健康中心(NHS)自1994年起便开始了器官捐献志愿者登记，目前已有1430万登记在册的志愿者。但并不是每个人都愿意参与：根据国家健康中心的数据，英国90％的人口都强烈支持器官捐献，但只有寥寥23％的人前来登记。
这种差异产生的原因又是什么呢？原因之一是器官捐献是个人问题。另一个原因在于无决断力：当死者家属对死者的遗愿拿不准时，40％的人会选择不捐献他们的器官。有趣的是，宗教在其中并没有起到多大作用。事实上，英国的六个主要宗教全部都支持器官捐献和移植。
政府在2004年对器官捐献机制该如何运作做出了决定一并没有采取“默许”政策。议员们的观点仍然不能统一，但是悲剧仍在继续：目前，每10个需要器官移植的英国人中就有一个无法得到 所需要的器官。
Abz Cumin.20.sales assistant
If it means savingpeople's lives, then yeah.It's good in one kind ofway, but for me it's abit different, rm a religiousperson. I believe in theafterlife. But if it's for otherpeople, why not?
36.insurancesalesperson
I'm not sure it should bemade mandatory. Peopleshould be encouragedor be made aware ofit, so that if they chooseto, they can. There mightbe some who woulddisapprove.No, I think it might bedesirable 1o make itsomething that youhave to opt out of, butit should certainly notbe mandatory. Ithinkthere'd have to be a lot ofsafeguards as well.
Catherine Stoke21.nurse
I don't think it shouldbe compulsory. I thinkthere needs to be moreadvertising and gentlepersuasion for people tobe in argon donation, butif shouldn't be forced onpeople.
Teresa Seals40.teacher intraining
Yes. My partner died ofliver disease, so I think itshould be mandatory.I've always thought yourbody's like an oldcar: once you're gone,you might as well dosomethinq qood with it.l dOn’flhink sO lf's areal_v difficult decisiOn fOmake S0mefhing in my gutsaVs，" I don'T Know whefherI wOuldllkel0 be pan Ofanofher Derson"
Mark Hewitt
27.graphic designer
No. It's my body, and whatI decide to do with it isentirely up to me. No onehas the right to tell youwhat you can do with yourbody. The moment theystart that, Big Brolher reallyhas taken over.No. It's like whencompanies send stuffthrough the post, and if youdon't reply, they assumeyou want a product. I'mnot in favour of that. I amfor more organ donation. Icarry an organ-donor card.
I
t's a tragedy that could be avoided: everyyear; more than 400 people in Britain die whilewaiting for a replacement organ for their bodies.Although organ transplants have been savinglives for more than 50 years, the right body part isoften not available at the right time simply because notenough people choose to be donors. Shouldpeople therefore be required to allow their organs to beused by others after death?
The British Medical Association (BMA), whichrepresents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of"presumed consent" would automatically makeeveryone over the age of 16 an organ donor, individualswould be allowed to "opt out", or decide not to be anorgan donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA pointsto much higher organ donation rates in countries thathave opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austriaand the Czech Republic.
这
是一个可以避免的悲剧：每年英国都有四百多人在等待器官移植的过程中死去。虽然五卜多年来，器官移植已经挽救了很多人的生命，但是合适的器官经常不能及时供给，因为愿意捐献器官的人不够多。那么，应不应该要求人们同意在死后让别人使用自己的器官呢？
代表伞英国医生的英国医学会(BMA)对这个问题做出了肯定的回答。一种“默许”机制将使所有16岁以上的人都自动成为器官捐献者。当然，该机制会允许人们根据自己的意愿“选择退出一，也就是选择不成为器官捐献者。英国医学会指出，实行这种一选择退出”机制的国家，如西班牙、比利时、奥地利和捷克，都有着较高的器官捐献率。
England's chief medical officer.Sir Liam Donaldson,also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-into opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants ofcritical organs, tissues, skin and bone.
Britain's National Health Service (NHS) currentlycounts 14.3 million organ do,'tots on a list that began in 1994.Not everyone wants to participate, however: according tothe NHS, 90 per cent of the British strongly support organdonation, but only 23 per cent are on the organ-donor list.
Why the discrepancy? One reason is that organdonation is a personal matter. Another reason may beindecision: when families are not sure about a deadrelative's wishes, 40 per cent decide not to donate his or herorgans. Interestingly; religion has little to do with a decisionnot to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain supportorgan donation and transplantation.
The government decided in 2004 how the systemof organ donation should work--without a policy ofpresumed consent. Opinion among members of parliamentcontinues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things arenow, one in 10 Britons in need of an organ will never get one.
英格兰首席医疗官利亚姆·庸纳森爵士也希望将目前的“选择加入”机制改为“选择退出”机制。对于英国目前7，500名等待重要器官、组织、皮肤和骨骼移植的病人来说，这无疑是个好消息。
英国国家健康中心(NHS)自1994年起便开始了器官捐献志愿者登记，目前已有1430万登记在册的志愿者。但并不是每个人都愿意参与：根据国家健康中心的数据，英国90％的人口都强烈支持器官捐献，但只有寥寥23％的人前来登记。
这种差异产生的原因又是什么呢？原因之一是器官捐献是个人问题。另一个原因在于无决断力：当死者家属对死者的遗愿拿不准时，40％的人会选择不捐献他们的器官。有趣的是，宗教在其中并没有起到多大作用。事实上，英国的六个主要宗教全部都支持器官捐献和移植。
政府在2004年对器官捐献机制该如何运作做出了决定一并没有采取“默许”政策。议员们的观点仍然不能统一，但是悲剧仍在继续：目前，每10个需要器官移植的英国人中就有一个无法得到 所需要的器官。
Abz Cumin.20.sales assistant
If it means savingpeople's lives, then yeah.It's good in one kind ofway, but for me it's abit different, rm a religiousperson. I believe in theafterlife. But if it's for otherpeople, why not?
36.insurancesalesperson
I'm not sure it should bemade mandatory. Peopleshould be encouragedor be made aware ofit, so that if they chooseto, they can. There mightbe some who woulddisapprove.No, I think it might bedesirable 1o make itsomething that youhave to opt out of, butit should certainly notbe mandatory. Ithinkthere'd have to be a lot ofsafeguards as well.
Catherine Stoke21.nurse
I don't think it shouldbe compulsory. I thinkthere needs to be moreadvertising and gentlepersuasion for people tobe in argon donation, butif shouldn't be forced onpeople.
Teresa Seals40.teacher intraining
Yes. My partner died ofliver disease, so I think itshould be mandatory.I've always thought yourbody's like an oldcar: once you're gone,you might as well dosomethinq qood with it.l dOn’flhink sO lf's areal_v difficult decisiOn fOmake S0mefhing in my gutsaVs，" I don'T Know whefherI wOuldllkel0 be pan Ofanofher Derson"
Mark Hewitt
27.graphic designer
No. It's my body, and whatI decide to do with it isentirely up to me. No onehas the right to tell youwhat you can do with yourbody. The moment theystart that, Big Brolher reallyhas taken over.No. It's like whencompanies send stuffthrough the post, and if youdon't reply, they assumeyou want a product. I'mnot in favour of that. I amfor more organ donation. Icarry an organ-donor card.