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森林小气候监测对于评价森林对全球气候变化的响应与反馈有重要意义。选取2010年鼎湖山针阔叶混交林通量塔林内气象资料及其附近气象站空旷地同时段内气象资料,对两站点的气温、湿度、地温等小气候因子的日变化及月变化进行分析和对比。结果表明:(1)混交林年均气温、大气相对湿度和地表温度分别为19.8℃、86.5%、20℃,空旷地分别为22.1℃、79.1%、24℃。混交林内年均气温与地温分别比空旷地低2.3℃、4℃,年均相对湿度比空旷地高7.4%,土壤各层湿度明显高于空旷地,表现出良好的降温、增湿、涵养水源的小气候效应。(2)二者气温、大气湿度、土壤温度的差值均为白天大于晚上,在10:00—17:00差异明显,表明针阔叶混交林的降温和增湿作用白天大于夜晚。气温和土壤温度差值在湿季大于干季,而相对湿度差值在干季大于湿季,表明针阔叶混交林的降温作用湿季大于干季,增湿作用干季大于湿季。这种小气候调节作用是由南亚热带特殊的气候条件及植被类型决定的。
Forest microclimate monitoring is of great importance in evaluating the response and feedback of forests to global climate change. The meteorological data of the forest in Dinghushang coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and the meteorological data in the open area near the meteorological station were selected to analyze the diurnal and monthly variations of the microclimate factors such as temperature, humidity and ground temperature Compared. The results showed that: (1) The average annual temperature, relative humidity and surface temperature of mixed forest were 19.8 ℃, 86.5% and 20 ℃ respectively, with open areas of 22.1 ℃, 79.1% and 24 ℃ respectively. The average annual temperature and the soil temperature in mixed forest were 2.3 ℃ and 4 ℃ lower than the open area, respectively. The average annual relative humidity was 7.4% higher than the open area. The humidity in all soil layers was significantly higher than that in the open area, which showed good cooling, humidification and water conservation Microclimate effect. (2) The differences of air temperature, atmospheric humidity and soil temperature are both greater than night during daytime and obvious difference between 10: 00-17: 00, which indicates that the temperature and humidification effect of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is greater than that during nighttime. The difference between air temperature and soil temperature was greater in wet season than in dry season, while the difference in relative humidity was greater in wet season than in wet season, indicating that the cooling effect of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was greater than that in dry season and humidification was longer in wet season than in wet season. The regulation of this microclimate is determined by the special climate conditions and types of vegetation in the southern subtropics.