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【摘要】非谓语动词是每年高考必考的语法,笔者通过分析统计近两年全国各地考题,结合自己从教多年的教学经验,并借助经典例题对高考中非谓语动词的高频考点进行剖析。
【关键词】高考 非谓语动词 考点
非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时难点之一。考生要了解非谓语动词及其各种形式的基本用法,并能理清非谓语动词在句中所作的成分以及它们之间的区别。现将两大高频考点总结如下:
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作目的状语:有时用in order to或so as to, 但 so as to不能置于句首。如:
To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent .
【考题】(2015北京21)______the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching. B. Caught.
C. To catch. D. Catch
【解析】选C。句意:为了赶上早班的飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语,表示提前叫出租车。
2.现在分词作状语。动词?ing形式作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生;having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作,表达被动含义用having been done。现在分词可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。如:
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
【考题】(2016苏北四市联考)_____________ in the adult ceremony, the senior students feel they are shouldering heavier responsibilities now.
A. Swear B. Sworn
C. Having sworn D. To have sworn
【解析】选C。句意:经过成人仪式的宣誓,这些高中生觉得现在他们肩负着更重的责任。两个句子共用一个主语the senior students,并且“宣誓”这个动作发生在feel之前,故用having done形式。
3.过去分词作状语。
(1)过去分词作状语时与主句的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系(即被动关系),如:
Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
(2)分词短语中的动词没有被动意义,而是由一些含be动词的短语转换而来。常见短语有:be dressed in, be determined to do, be absorbed/buried/lost in, be addicted to, be devoted/ dedicated to等。如:Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
【考题】(2015重庆6)___________in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B. Raising
C. Raised D. To raise
【解析】选C。句意:由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,他要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的逻辑主语是he,他在这个地方长大(被抚养长大),两者之间是被动关系所以用ed形式,故选C。
考点二 非谓语动词作后置定语
1.现在分词短语作后置定语。现在分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系(即主动关系),通常表示动作的主动和进行。如:
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door reading(=which read) “Sorry to miss you, I will call you later”.
2.过去分词短语作后置定语。及物动词的过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,通常表示动作的被动和完成。如:
Prices of goods bought(that are bought)through a computer can be lower than store prices.
【考题】(2014重庆5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.
A.turning B. returned
C. to turn D. to be returned
【解析】选B。句意:这位生产商经常过来收集因为质量问题被退还的相机。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras,相当于which are returned ….,故B正确。
我们平时在学习和备考中,也要采取科学高效的方法。比如,做题时可以在句中将谓语动词标出来,从而判断出该题可能考查非谓语动词,进而分析空格处在句中所作成分,这样才能准确快速完成解题。
【关键词】高考 非谓语动词 考点
非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时难点之一。考生要了解非谓语动词及其各种形式的基本用法,并能理清非谓语动词在句中所作的成分以及它们之间的区别。现将两大高频考点总结如下:
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作目的状语:有时用in order to或so as to, 但 so as to不能置于句首。如:
To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent .
【考题】(2015北京21)______the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching. B. Caught.
C. To catch. D. Catch
【解析】选C。句意:为了赶上早班的飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语,表示提前叫出租车。
2.现在分词作状语。动词?ing形式作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生;having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作,表达被动含义用having been done。现在分词可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。如:
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
【考题】(2016苏北四市联考)_____________ in the adult ceremony, the senior students feel they are shouldering heavier responsibilities now.
A. Swear B. Sworn
C. Having sworn D. To have sworn
【解析】选C。句意:经过成人仪式的宣誓,这些高中生觉得现在他们肩负着更重的责任。两个句子共用一个主语the senior students,并且“宣誓”这个动作发生在feel之前,故用having done形式。
3.过去分词作状语。
(1)过去分词作状语时与主句的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系(即被动关系),如:
Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
(2)分词短语中的动词没有被动意义,而是由一些含be动词的短语转换而来。常见短语有:be dressed in, be determined to do, be absorbed/buried/lost in, be addicted to, be devoted/ dedicated to等。如:Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
【考题】(2015重庆6)___________in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B. Raising
C. Raised D. To raise
【解析】选C。句意:由于在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,他要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的逻辑主语是he,他在这个地方长大(被抚养长大),两者之间是被动关系所以用ed形式,故选C。
考点二 非谓语动词作后置定语
1.现在分词短语作后置定语。现在分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系(即主动关系),通常表示动作的主动和进行。如:
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door reading(=which read) “Sorry to miss you, I will call you later”.
2.过去分词短语作后置定语。及物动词的过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,通常表示动作的被动和完成。如:
Prices of goods bought(that are bought)through a computer can be lower than store prices.
【考题】(2014重庆5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _______ to our shop for quality problems.
A.turning B. returned
C. to turn D. to be returned
【解析】选B。句意:这位生产商经常过来收集因为质量问题被退还的相机。本句中的动词return与前面的名词cameras构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰cameras,相当于which are returned ….,故B正确。
我们平时在学习和备考中,也要采取科学高效的方法。比如,做题时可以在句中将谓语动词标出来,从而判断出该题可能考查非谓语动词,进而分析空格处在句中所作成分,这样才能准确快速完成解题。