近代以降,伴随哲学的根本转型,如何对待传统形而上学,特别是如何对待整体世界及其统一性,成为一切哲学流派始终面临的一个根本问题,也成为马克思主义哲学始终面临的一个根本问题。在此问题上,马克思与恩格斯采取了不同的立场和态度,从而分别开启和代表了马克思主义哲学内部扬弃和复兴形而上学的两大传统。由此给我们遗留和提出的一项重大课题是:对于马克思主义哲学来说,一种科学的形而上学是否合理和可能,或至少在多大程度上是合理和可能的。这完全类似康德当年所提出和致力于解决而后又被海德格尔以某种方式重新提出和致力于解决的课题,但是被赋予了更广阔的历史和文化背景以及更深刻的哲学意蕴。事实表明,对此问题的解决,需要正确认识和对待马克思和恩格斯的相关思想遗产;同时,需要打破既有的西方理性主义的哲学框架,借鉴和汲取中国传统哲学的资源。 In modern times, with the fundamental transformation of philosophy, how to treat traditional metaphysics, especially how to treat the whole world and its unity, has become a fundamental problem that all philosophy schools have always faced and has also become a fundamental issue that Marxism philosophy always faces. On this issue, Marx and Engels took different positions and attitudes, which respectively opened up and represented two major traditions of abandoning and rejuvenating metaphysics within Marxist philosophy. One of the major issues left behind and proposed by us is whether a scientific metaphysics is reasonable and possible to Marxist philosophy, or at least to what extent is reasonable and possible. It is completely similar to the one raised and committed by Kant at the time and then re-proposed and committed by Heidegger somehow to solve the problem, but it has been given a broader historical and cultural background and a deeper philosophical implication. Facts show that the solution to this problem requires the correct understanding and treatment of the relevant ideological legacy of Marx and Engels. At the same time, it is necessary to break the existing philosophical framework of Western rationalism and learn from and draw on the resources of Chinese traditional philosophy.