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摘要:英语分数在高考总分占五分之一,学生英语成绩的好差直接关系到学生的未来和前途。本文结合笔者多年的英语教学经验主要从词汇、句型、语篇三个层面就如何系统地复习高中英语做了一些探讨。学生采用以下复习法,可以改变以往单纯复习的枯燥无味,收到较好的学习效果。
关键词:系统复习;词汇;句型;语篇
综观教育学文献,关于如何学好高中英语的讨论已有很长的历史。改革开放以来,我国的教育工作者运用系统论、信息论和控制论审视教学过程,促进教学理论现代化,对教学实质的认识正在不断深化。目前,全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试题NMET试题容量大,覆盖面广,我们在复习迎考中要善于把握各知识点间的内在联系,做到融会贯通,举一反三。现将我个人在这几年的高中英语教学中所运用的系统复习法介绍如下:
一、词汇复习
NMET考查的词汇都是课本中的常见词,掌握这些词的难点不是识记其拼写,而是领会其确切含义,把握其固定搭配,弄通一词多性及一词多义。为达到上述目的,在复习中可采用下列方法:
1、利用一些典型例句,典型词汇,对其进行分析、归纳,从而达到培养逆向思维,提高应试能力。如:
1)He looked(A.calm;B,calmly)。答案是A. looked是系动词。
2)He looked(A.calm;B.calmly)at me.答案是(高考英语)B.looked是行为动词。
3)He looked friendly(A.at;B.to)me as if we were close friends.答案是B。主句为系表结构,friendly是形容词。
4)He looked(A.at;B.to)me in a friendly way as if we were close friends.答案是A。in a friendly way当方式状语。
再如:He got married at the age of 25.
He was healthy for his age.
He lived a happy life in his old age.
He grew impatient with age.
A leader can’t be judged by his age.
复习age一词,联系了at,for,in,with,by等介词的有关用法,达到了培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。
2、编成顺口溜,读起来朗朗上口,久而不忘。如:对于哪些动词后面的从句要用含蓄的虚拟语气,只要 记住:一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求。insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, request, require, demand, ask .就可掌握了十个词。再补上:be determined that, urge that, it’s decided that, hold the view that.中学阶段的此类动词就基本掌握了。
E.g.1.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
2. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.
3. They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once.(SB Ⅱ,P.114)
再如:哪些动词后面要跟省“to”的不定式或现在分词当宾补,只要记住:一感,二听,三让,四看。feel, hear, listen to, let(不跟现在分词),have, make(不跟现在分词),see, notice, watch, observe又可掌 握十个词。
E.g.1.I had never seen it break out, until I saw it in the dying boy. (SB Ⅱ,P.52)
2.Now let me hear you play(JB Ⅳ,P.107)
对于动词后面既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,但所表达的意义迥然不同的词,只要记住:一记,二忘,三遗 憾,四试,五图,六停止。就可将remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop六个单词记下了。
E.g.1.To reach it meant climbing up a small set of steps…. (SB Ⅱ, P.224)
2. What do you mean to do with it?
3. He tried to break away from me.
4. Try doing more exercises; you’ll soon lose weight.
对许多枯燥的识记材料,我们要善于从中找出内在的联系,利用找同义词,反义词,借助构词法或编成有意义的句子或顺口溜,可大大降低识记的难度。
二、句型复习
句型复习的重点要放在把握各句型间的异同点,主要有不同时态的相互联系与区别,从句间的相互转化及 区别,以及简单句,复合句,并列句的区别与转化等。句型复习同样可以从典型例句入手,达到举一反三的效 果。例如:
1、He didn’t tell me how he was getting on with his English.
I don’t know that he is getting on well with his English.
I don’t know what he is getting on well with.
I don’t know whether he is getting on well with his friend.
2、Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home.(原因状语从句)
Because of his mother’s illness, he had to stay at home.(介词短语当状语)
With his mother ill, he had to stay at home. (介词的复合结构当状语)
His mother being ill, he had to stay at home.(独立主格结构当状语)
3、He has three children; two of them are daughters.(并列句)
He has three children, woof whom are daughters.(定语从句)
He has three children, two of them daughters.(同位句)
4、When the meeting will take place is still unknown.(主语从句)
I don’t know the meeting will take place.(宾语从句)
The question is when we’ll hold the meeting.(表语从句)
When the meeting takes place, I’ll let you know.(时间状语从句,从句以一般现在时表达将来时)
5、People usually build their houses where there are plenty of natural recourse.(地点状语从 句)
The books used to be kept in the house where there are lots of shelves.(定语从句,where可被 in which代替)
He has never been to where his grandfather was born.(宾语从句,where不可被其它词所代替)
Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.(主语从句,where也不宜被其它词所代替 )
6、His being elected made his family wild with joy.(动名词作主语)
That he had been elected made his family wild with joy.(主语从句,that不可省略)
He having been elected, his family are wild with joy.(独立主格结构,用He而不是His)
三、语篇复习
大量阅读,提高语篇的理解能力。广泛接触各种题材、体裁的文章,是提高阅读能力的前提和基础,是保证阅读能力向质的飞跃的关键,没有足够的阅读量,就无法掌握阅读技巧,提高阅读水平。在阅读时要首先注意内容的广泛性。高考阅读题涉及日常生活、人物传记、新闻报导、文化教育、史地知识、科普作品等。题材有记叙文、议论文、说明文等。如新闻的第一句话一般揭示文章的大意,交代事件发生时间、地点、人物、前后因果等。新闻标题、电视语言则多使用省略句。了解各种文章的特点会对提高阅读能力大有裨益。
其次在阅读中,要慎重选材。选材要适合学生程度,能激发学生的兴趣和阅读积极性。有些老师只考虑到扩大词汇量和迅速提高解题能力,一味偏重选生词多的文章和出难题,其结果往往挫伤了学生的积极性,这对提高能力极其不利。另外,在大量阅读的基础上不断地总结成功经验和失败教训,逐步地使同学们养成达标的阅读速度和具备娴熟的阅读技巧。
在实践中,应着力培养五个方面的能力:①快速的浏览能力;②巧妙的猜词能力;③独立的分析能力;④准确的捕捉主题句的能力;⑤合乎逻辑的判断能力。学生掌握了这些阅读技巧,就如虎添翼,完全具备了自学能力。毕业后,在学习和工作中他们将会受益无穷。
总之,要系统地复习好高中英语,对知识的掌握再也不能停留在一词组,一句型上,而要善于利用知识间的内在联系进行纵横类比,从词性转化,词义改变,连词选择,标点使用等方面去全方位把握知识间的内在联系与区别,我们只有把学习语言知识、培养语感、开发智力和培养能力有机结合起来,只有这样才能达到融会贯通,举一反三,事半功倍的效果。
学无定法,复习同样无定法,良好的复习方法有很多,因人而异、合理创造才是最高明的、最有益的复习方法。只要我们在教学中不断地探索、不断地总结、不断地用实践来武装理论,用心的指导学生,就一定会在复习过程中取得最佳的成绩。
关键词:系统复习;词汇;句型;语篇
综观教育学文献,关于如何学好高中英语的讨论已有很长的历史。改革开放以来,我国的教育工作者运用系统论、信息论和控制论审视教学过程,促进教学理论现代化,对教学实质的认识正在不断深化。目前,全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语试题NMET试题容量大,覆盖面广,我们在复习迎考中要善于把握各知识点间的内在联系,做到融会贯通,举一反三。现将我个人在这几年的高中英语教学中所运用的系统复习法介绍如下:
一、词汇复习
NMET考查的词汇都是课本中的常见词,掌握这些词的难点不是识记其拼写,而是领会其确切含义,把握其固定搭配,弄通一词多性及一词多义。为达到上述目的,在复习中可采用下列方法:
1、利用一些典型例句,典型词汇,对其进行分析、归纳,从而达到培养逆向思维,提高应试能力。如:
1)He looked(A.calm;B,calmly)。答案是A. looked是系动词。
2)He looked(A.calm;B.calmly)at me.答案是(高考英语)B.looked是行为动词。
3)He looked friendly(A.at;B.to)me as if we were close friends.答案是B。主句为系表结构,friendly是形容词。
4)He looked(A.at;B.to)me in a friendly way as if we were close friends.答案是A。in a friendly way当方式状语。
再如:He got married at the age of 25.
He was healthy for his age.
He lived a happy life in his old age.
He grew impatient with age.
A leader can’t be judged by his age.
复习age一词,联系了at,for,in,with,by等介词的有关用法,达到了培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。
2、编成顺口溜,读起来朗朗上口,久而不忘。如:对于哪些动词后面的从句要用含蓄的虚拟语气,只要 记住:一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求。insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, request, require, demand, ask .就可掌握了十个词。再补上:be determined that, urge that, it’s decided that, hold the view that.中学阶段的此类动词就基本掌握了。
E.g.1.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting tonight.
2. He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.
3. They insisted that we (should) begin the work at once.(SB Ⅱ,P.114)
再如:哪些动词后面要跟省“to”的不定式或现在分词当宾补,只要记住:一感,二听,三让,四看。feel, hear, listen to, let(不跟现在分词),have, make(不跟现在分词),see, notice, watch, observe又可掌 握十个词。
E.g.1.I had never seen it break out, until I saw it in the dying boy. (SB Ⅱ,P.52)
2.Now let me hear you play(JB Ⅳ,P.107)
对于动词后面既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,但所表达的意义迥然不同的词,只要记住:一记,二忘,三遗 憾,四试,五图,六停止。就可将remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop六个单词记下了。
E.g.1.To reach it meant climbing up a small set of steps…. (SB Ⅱ, P.224)
2. What do you mean to do with it?
3. He tried to break away from me.
4. Try doing more exercises; you’ll soon lose weight.
对许多枯燥的识记材料,我们要善于从中找出内在的联系,利用找同义词,反义词,借助构词法或编成有意义的句子或顺口溜,可大大降低识记的难度。
二、句型复习
句型复习的重点要放在把握各句型间的异同点,主要有不同时态的相互联系与区别,从句间的相互转化及 区别,以及简单句,复合句,并列句的区别与转化等。句型复习同样可以从典型例句入手,达到举一反三的效 果。例如:
1、He didn’t tell me how he was getting on with his English.
I don’t know that he is getting on well with his English.
I don’t know what he is getting on well with.
I don’t know whether he is getting on well with his friend.
2、Because his mother was ill, he had to stay at home.(原因状语从句)
Because of his mother’s illness, he had to stay at home.(介词短语当状语)
With his mother ill, he had to stay at home. (介词的复合结构当状语)
His mother being ill, he had to stay at home.(独立主格结构当状语)
3、He has three children; two of them are daughters.(并列句)
He has three children, woof whom are daughters.(定语从句)
He has three children, two of them daughters.(同位句)
4、When the meeting will take place is still unknown.(主语从句)
I don’t know the meeting will take place.(宾语从句)
The question is when we’ll hold the meeting.(表语从句)
When the meeting takes place, I’ll let you know.(时间状语从句,从句以一般现在时表达将来时)
5、People usually build their houses where there are plenty of natural recourse.(地点状语从 句)
The books used to be kept in the house where there are lots of shelves.(定语从句,where可被 in which代替)
He has never been to where his grandfather was born.(宾语从句,where不可被其它词所代替)
Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided yet.(主语从句,where也不宜被其它词所代替 )
6、His being elected made his family wild with joy.(动名词作主语)
That he had been elected made his family wild with joy.(主语从句,that不可省略)
He having been elected, his family are wild with joy.(独立主格结构,用He而不是His)
三、语篇复习
大量阅读,提高语篇的理解能力。广泛接触各种题材、体裁的文章,是提高阅读能力的前提和基础,是保证阅读能力向质的飞跃的关键,没有足够的阅读量,就无法掌握阅读技巧,提高阅读水平。在阅读时要首先注意内容的广泛性。高考阅读题涉及日常生活、人物传记、新闻报导、文化教育、史地知识、科普作品等。题材有记叙文、议论文、说明文等。如新闻的第一句话一般揭示文章的大意,交代事件发生时间、地点、人物、前后因果等。新闻标题、电视语言则多使用省略句。了解各种文章的特点会对提高阅读能力大有裨益。
其次在阅读中,要慎重选材。选材要适合学生程度,能激发学生的兴趣和阅读积极性。有些老师只考虑到扩大词汇量和迅速提高解题能力,一味偏重选生词多的文章和出难题,其结果往往挫伤了学生的积极性,这对提高能力极其不利。另外,在大量阅读的基础上不断地总结成功经验和失败教训,逐步地使同学们养成达标的阅读速度和具备娴熟的阅读技巧。
在实践中,应着力培养五个方面的能力:①快速的浏览能力;②巧妙的猜词能力;③独立的分析能力;④准确的捕捉主题句的能力;⑤合乎逻辑的判断能力。学生掌握了这些阅读技巧,就如虎添翼,完全具备了自学能力。毕业后,在学习和工作中他们将会受益无穷。
总之,要系统地复习好高中英语,对知识的掌握再也不能停留在一词组,一句型上,而要善于利用知识间的内在联系进行纵横类比,从词性转化,词义改变,连词选择,标点使用等方面去全方位把握知识间的内在联系与区别,我们只有把学习语言知识、培养语感、开发智力和培养能力有机结合起来,只有这样才能达到融会贯通,举一反三,事半功倍的效果。
学无定法,复习同样无定法,良好的复习方法有很多,因人而异、合理创造才是最高明的、最有益的复习方法。只要我们在教学中不断地探索、不断地总结、不断地用实践来武装理论,用心的指导学生,就一定会在复习过程中取得最佳的成绩。