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淀粉粒分析在国内外环境考古学研究中得到了大量应用,但是目前国内还没有关于淀粉粒分析、石器功能与植物利用关系的现代过程研究。本研究针对石刀这一新石器时代重要的生产和生活工具开展现代过程的模拟实验,尝试利用淀粉粒分析方法验证石刀功能及其加工的植物类型。我们利用打制的简易石片模拟石刀,对未成熟和成熟的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)进行了共两次割穗操作,提取并观察石片割穗后不同部位表面残留物中的淀粉粒形态及其组合。实验结果表明,石片表面残留物中的淀粉粒主要来源于小麦秸秆;小麦秸秆淀粉粒的A型和B型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆淀粉粒——A+B型淀粉粒,含量分别为90.91%和92.59%)分别与其成熟籽粒的A型和B型淀粉粒形态、大小相似,具备形态鉴定的特征;小麦秸秆中还发现了独特的多面体型淀粉粒(未成熟和成熟小麦秸秆多面体型淀粉粒含量分别为9.09%和7.41%),这是小麦种子中缺少的类型。根据本次现代实验模拟的结果,考古遗址出土石刀上提取到的淀粉粒很可能来自于植物收割(或切削)过程的残留物,结合淀粉粒分析、石刀形制和出土状况进行分析,可以获取出土石刀功能与古人类植物利用的信息。
Starch granule analysis has been widely used in environmental archeology both at home and abroad, but there is no modern process research on the relationship between starch granule analysis, stone functions and plant utilization in China. In this study, a modern experiment was carried out on stone knives, an important production and living tool in the Neolithic Age. We tried to verify the function of stone knives and the types of plants they processed using starch grain analysis. We performed a total of two cutting operations on immature and mature wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a simple stone-mocking stone knifed to extract and observe the starch granules in the surface residues at different sites after cutting Forms and combinations. The experimental results show that the starch granules in the surface of the stone surface are mainly derived from wheat straw; type A and type B starch granules (unripe and mature wheat straw starch granules - A + B type starch granules) of wheat straw starch granules, (90.91% and 92.59%, respectively) were similar to those of A and B type starch granules of mature grains, respectively, and were characterized by morphological characterization. Unique polyhedral starch granules were also found in wheat straw (immature and mature wheat straw The polyhedral starch grains content was 9.09% and 7.41% respectively), which is a type missing in wheat seeds. According to the results of this modern experimental simulation, the starch grains extracted from stone knives excavated from archeological sites are likely to come from the harvesting (or cutting) residues of the plants. The analysis of the starch grains, the stone knife shape and the unearthed conditions can be used to obtain the excavated Information on the function of stone knives and the utilization of ancient human plants.