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工业技术进步是由三个环节组成的。第一个环节是研究与开发活动,它产生新的技术或发明;第二个环节是研究与开发成果应用于生产实际。两个环节会在一起就是技术创新过程。创新企业的技术创新活动引起其他企业的模仿和学习,创新逐渐扩散到许多其他企业,这就是技术进步的第三个环节——技术创新扩散(以下简称为创新扩散)。技术创新活动只能提高单个或少数几个企业的生产率,整个工业生产率的提高必须通过创新的扩散来实现。
The progress of industrial technology consists of three links. The first link is research and development activities that generate new technologies or inventions; the second link is research and development results applied to production practices. The two links together are the technological innovation process. The technological innovation activities of innovative companies have caused other companies to imitate and learn. Innovation has gradually spread to many other companies. This is the third link of technological progress - the diffusion of technological innovation (hereinafter referred to as diffusion of innovation). Technological innovation activities can only increase the productivity of a single or a few enterprises. The entire industrial productivity must be increased through the diffusion of innovation.