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马克思是在双重的涵义上阐述其历史理论的 :在形而上的层面 ,他把人类历史的发展划分为人与人相互依赖、人与物相互依赖和人的自由自觉的存在三个阶段 ;在现实的层面 ,他强调对人类社会发展的具体分析 ,区分了东西方两种不同的发展道路。这两个方面是统一的 ,其中起核心作用的是人自身发展的三阶段理论。马克思对人自身发展阶段的划分 ,具有深刻的文化学意义 ,它为我们研究人类文化模式的演进提供了一个标准。依此 ,我们可以将文化模式分为前现代的文化模式、现代的文化模式和未来的文化模式。后现代文化在某种意义上是对前现代文化模式的回复 ,并未超越现代文化。
On the metaphysical level, Marx divided the development of human history into three stages: the interdependence of human beings, the interdependence of human beings and the free and conscious existence of human beings; in the reality At the level, he emphasized the concrete analysis of the development of human society and distinguished the two different development paths between East and West. These two aspects are unified, and among them, the three-stage theory of human development plays a central role. Marx’s division of the stage of human development has profound cultural significance, which provides a standard for us to study the evolution of human cultural patterns. Therefore, we can divide the cultural modes into pre-modern cultural models, modern cultural models and future cultural models. Postmodern culture, in a sense, is a reply to the pre-modern cultural model and does not surpass modern culture.