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央视大火、上海“11.15”大火、沈阳第一高楼大火是典型的建筑火灾,引发火灾的元凶是有严重火灾隐患的易燃有机保温材料。从材料的源头上治理、解决建筑节能中的防火安全问题已迫在眉睫。现今中国建筑节能中大规模应用的是当前世界先进的节能保温有机高分子材料,主要是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS、XPS)和硬质聚氨酯泡沫PU。这种高分子材料保温性能好、质地轻、应用技术成熟,大规模应用,可为实现我国建筑节能减排起到关键作用。但是,这些材料是属于高分子易燃分子结构,遇火易燃,因而没有经分子结构改性均属易燃可燃材料,均存在严重的火灾隐患。国外对保温材料有严格的防火规范,对热塑性EPS泡沫塑料,使用的防火级别必须是B1级别,对PU泡沫必须是B2级的。而我国却方兴未艾地在没有严格防火规范及防火措施的情况下大规模应用B3级材料。
CCTV fire, Shanghai “11.15 ” fire, Shenyang, the tallest building fire is a typical building fire, causing the culprit of the fire is a serious fire hazard flammable organic insulation material. Governance from the source of the material to solve the fire safety in building energy efficiency is imminent. Today’s large-scale application of energy-saving building in China is the world’s advanced energy-saving heat-insulating organic polymer materials, mainly polystyrene foam (EPS, XPS) and rigid polyurethane foam PU. This polymer material insulation performance, light texture, mature technology, large-scale application, can play a key role in China’s building energy-saving emission reduction. However, these materials belong to the flammable molecular structure of macromolecules and are flammable in the event of fire. Therefore, these materials are flammable and combustible materials that have not been modified by molecular structure and have serious fire hazards. Foreign countries have strict fire insulation materials insulation norms, the thermoplastic EPS foam, the fire level must be B1 level, the PU foam must be B2 level. However, in the ascendant in our country, there is no large-scale application of Class B3 materials without strict fire prevention norms and fire prevention measures.