简析“for oneself”与“by oneself”

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   for oneself 有两个用法:
  1. 自己,亲自。如:
  You can judge for yourself. (你可以自己做出判断。)
  He demanded the right to decide for himself. (他要求得到自己做决定的权力。)
  2. 为自己,替自己。如:
  He made no argument for himself. (他没为自己辩论。)
  She got an extra week’s holiday for herself. (她为自己多弄到一星期的假。)
  He acted without thought for himself. (他那样做的时候并没有考虑到自己。)
   by oneself 有三个用法:
  1. 单独地,独自地(= alone)。如:
  I like to travel by myself. (我喜欢独自旅行。)
  She was sitting by herself on a bench. (她独自坐在一条长凳上。)
  I often like to spend time by myself. (我平常喜欢独自消磨时间。)
  2. 靠自己,无他人帮助(without help)。如:
  I studied by myself for an hour.(我自己学习了一个钟头。)
  She can mend the fridge by herself. (她能自己修理冰箱。)
  I managed to do it by myself. (我是自己做成这件事的。)
  3. 自动地(主要用于 by itself,意思相当于automatically)。如:
  This is a machine that works by itself. (这是一台自动工作的机器。)
  The door opens by itself as you approach[靠近] it. (当你靠近时,门就会自动打开。)
  The machine will start by itself in a few seconds.(机器在几秒钟后会自动开启。)
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