在近代岩土工程中，锚杆已成为加固支护软弱岩土的基本方法之一。近几年来，不同材质、不同结构形状的锚杆相继出现，按锚杆的材质分有钢筋锚杆、钢丝绳锚索、玻璃钢锚杆及钢锚管等；按锚杆方式分有砂浆、树脂、水泥卷、楔缝式、倒楔式、涨壳式、摩擦式锚杆（管）等，其中包括端部锚固和全长锚固、普通锚固和加预应力锚固。 In modern geotechnical engineering, anchor bolts have become one of the basic methods for reinforcing and supporting soft rock and soil. In recent years, bolts of different materials and structures have emerged one after another. According to the material of the bolts, there are steel anchors, wire rope anchors, glass steel anchors and steel anchor pipes, and there are mortars, resins, and bolts. Cement roll, wedge joint type, inverted wedge type, shell-up type, friction type anchor (tube), etc., including end anchorage and full-length anchorage, ordinary anchorage and prestressed anchorage.