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（云南大學英語语言文学，云南 昆明 650091）
【Abstract】： Shakespeare is a famous poet in English Renaissance period. He has produced lots of brilliant literature works. Among them， his sonnets play an important role in the history of world literature. They not only contain strong feelings， but also express profound themes. On the basis of stylistics theory， this paper would like to analyze the stylistic features of sonnet29 from three aspects （phonology， rhetoric and lexis）. Through stylistic analysis， we can not only find out the charm o f its form， but also see how the stylistic features contribute to its theme. Thus， we can have a deep understanding toward sonnet29.
【Key words】： stylistic features； theme； sonnet29
1. Introduction
William Shakespeare （1564-1616）， is a great English playwright and poet. During his whole life， he wrote 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. The 154 sonnets impress people of the later generation with its rich images， diction and profound themes. Sonnet 29 is one of 154 sonnets. It is part of the Fair Youth sequence， which are addressed to a young man while the last 28 sonnets are addressed to a woman. According to Wekipedia’s description， sonnet 29 states the speakers’ status of outcast and failure， but the speaker still feels better upon thinking of his beloved. It is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form， having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. （Wikipedia， par.1）.
2. Literature Review
There are a lot of studies on the sonnets at home and abroad. Domestically speaking， the studies of the sonnet 29 are still rare. There are about 9 journals which analyze sonnet29 from different ways. For example， Li Huijun compares sonnet 29 with sonnet66 mainly in accordance with their rhetorical devices and artistic skills （49-53）. Through study of the form， imagery and diction of the sonnet 29， Tong Xiaomu tries to reveal the love theme （37-38）. Xue Lifeng analyze the theme of sonnet29 mainly from its structure and language perspectives （245）. In another article， the two authors give a study on the four steps of the whole sonnet， including the opening， developing， changing and concluding （Gao and Zheng， 21-22）. Shen Yuge also give an artistic exploration of sonnet29 from 3 aspects （109-110）. Deng Fei（60-62） points out three desires （orexis， lust， power） embedded in the sonnet. Also， he compares three Chinese translation versions of the sonnet29 in another journal. Lu Xiaojun also have an appreciation of the poetic language in sonnet 29（34-37）. Liu Wangyu gives his own analysis of this sonnet in accordance with the rhythm and structure （30-31）. Externally speaking， the studies on the sonnet 29 are much more than at home. For example， in JSTOR database，when I search the key words “sonnet 29 * William Shakespeare ”， the search result is 37671. Since the result number is too large， so I shorten the key words to “sonnet 29”， there are about 13170 journals.
Through review above， it seems that no scholar in home or abroad tried to analyze sonnet29 from the stylistics perspective. Even though some of them applied the stylistics theory to interpret sonnets， but they didn’t focus on sonnet29. So， on the basis of those previous studies， I want to apply the stylistics theory into my interpretation of sonnet29 so as to have a comprehensive understanding of it. Moreover， we can also explore how the poem’s style contributes to its theme.
3. Stylistics
What is stylistics？ According to Liu Shisheng， he believes that stylistics is the branch of linguistics that studies language style. It explains the relationship between the text and its context.（Linguistics： An Advanced Course Book， p.489）. Another scholar， Xu Youzhi also points out that poet can take advantage of the poetry language from all levels. For example， the phonology level， the lexical level， the rhetorical level and semantic level etc. （220）.
Then， we can see， stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels. Then， with this scientific and systematic way， I will analyze the stylistic features of sonnet29.
4. Stylistic Features of Sonnet29
4.1 Phonological features
4.1.1 The deviation of its rhyme scheme： abab cdcd ebeb ff
Overall， sonnet29 follows the basic structure of Shakespearean sonnets， containing fourteen lines and written in iambic pentameter， and composed of three rhyming quatrains with a rhyming couplet at the end. Most domestic scholars， like Tong Xiaomu and Xue Lifeng， deem that its rhyme scheme should be “abab cdcd efef gg”. However， the foreign scholar have a different idea about the rhyme scheme， for example， Murdo William McRae notes that the repetition of the b-rhyme in lines 2 and 4 （"state" and "fate"） as well as 10 and 12 （"state" and "gate"）. McRae says that the duplication of the b-rhyme redirects the reader's attention to the lines， and this "poem within a poem" pulls the piece back together in a way that contrasts its original pulling apart. Philip C.McGuire also points out that b-rhyme doesn’t correspond to the rhyme scheme of Petrarch sonnet even though its logical organization does. Meanwhile， it doesn’t belong to Spenserian sonnet either， because the b-rhyme only binds the first and third quatrains while the Spenserian sonnets’ rhyme interlocked by each quatrain. He thinks that the repetition of b-rhyme scheme belongs to deviant rhyming （306）.
【Abstract】： Shakespeare is a famous poet in English Renaissance period. He has produced lots of brilliant literature works. Among them， his sonnets play an important role in the history of world literature. They not only contain strong feelings， but also express profound themes. On the basis of stylistics theory， this paper would like to analyze the stylistic features of sonnet29 from three aspects （phonology， rhetoric and lexis）. Through stylistic analysis， we can not only find out the charm o f its form， but also see how the stylistic features contribute to its theme. Thus， we can have a deep understanding toward sonnet29.
【Key words】： stylistic features； theme； sonnet29
1. Introduction
William Shakespeare （1564-1616）， is a great English playwright and poet. During his whole life， he wrote 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. The 154 sonnets impress people of the later generation with its rich images， diction and profound themes. Sonnet 29 is one of 154 sonnets. It is part of the Fair Youth sequence， which are addressed to a young man while the last 28 sonnets are addressed to a woman. According to Wekipedia’s description， sonnet 29 states the speakers’ status of outcast and failure， but the speaker still feels better upon thinking of his beloved. It is written in the typical Shakespearean sonnet form， having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet. （Wikipedia， par.1）.
2. Literature Review
There are a lot of studies on the sonnets at home and abroad. Domestically speaking， the studies of the sonnet 29 are still rare. There are about 9 journals which analyze sonnet29 from different ways. For example， Li Huijun compares sonnet 29 with sonnet66 mainly in accordance with their rhetorical devices and artistic skills （49-53）. Through study of the form， imagery and diction of the sonnet 29， Tong Xiaomu tries to reveal the love theme （37-38）. Xue Lifeng analyze the theme of sonnet29 mainly from its structure and language perspectives （245）. In another article， the two authors give a study on the four steps of the whole sonnet， including the opening， developing， changing and concluding （Gao and Zheng， 21-22）. Shen Yuge also give an artistic exploration of sonnet29 from 3 aspects （109-110）. Deng Fei（60-62） points out three desires （orexis， lust， power） embedded in the sonnet. Also， he compares three Chinese translation versions of the sonnet29 in another journal. Lu Xiaojun also have an appreciation of the poetic language in sonnet 29（34-37）. Liu Wangyu gives his own analysis of this sonnet in accordance with the rhythm and structure （30-31）. Externally speaking， the studies on the sonnet 29 are much more than at home. For example， in JSTOR database，when I search the key words “sonnet 29 * William Shakespeare ”， the search result is 37671. Since the result number is too large， so I shorten the key words to “sonnet 29”， there are about 13170 journals.
Through review above， it seems that no scholar in home or abroad tried to analyze sonnet29 from the stylistics perspective. Even though some of them applied the stylistics theory to interpret sonnets， but they didn’t focus on sonnet29. So， on the basis of those previous studies， I want to apply the stylistics theory into my interpretation of sonnet29 so as to have a comprehensive understanding of it. Moreover， we can also explore how the poem’s style contributes to its theme.
3. Stylistics
What is stylistics？ According to Liu Shisheng， he believes that stylistics is the branch of linguistics that studies language style. It explains the relationship between the text and its context.（Linguistics： An Advanced Course Book， p.489）. Another scholar， Xu Youzhi also points out that poet can take advantage of the poetry language from all levels. For example， the phonology level， the lexical level， the rhetorical level and semantic level etc. （220）.
Then， we can see， stylistics is a branch of linguistics which studies style in a scientific and systematic way concerning the linguistic features of different varieties of language at different levels. Then， with this scientific and systematic way， I will analyze the stylistic features of sonnet29.
4. Stylistic Features of Sonnet29
4.1 Phonological features
4.1.1 The deviation of its rhyme scheme： abab cdcd ebeb ff
Overall， sonnet29 follows the basic structure of Shakespearean sonnets， containing fourteen lines and written in iambic pentameter， and composed of three rhyming quatrains with a rhyming couplet at the end. Most domestic scholars， like Tong Xiaomu and Xue Lifeng， deem that its rhyme scheme should be “abab cdcd efef gg”. However， the foreign scholar have a different idea about the rhyme scheme， for example， Murdo William McRae notes that the repetition of the b-rhyme in lines 2 and 4 （"state" and "fate"） as well as 10 and 12 （"state" and "gate"）. McRae says that the duplication of the b-rhyme redirects the reader's attention to the lines， and this "poem within a poem" pulls the piece back together in a way that contrasts its original pulling apart. Philip C.McGuire also points out that b-rhyme doesn’t correspond to the rhyme scheme of Petrarch sonnet even though its logical organization does. Meanwhile， it doesn’t belong to Spenserian sonnet either， because the b-rhyme only binds the first and third quatrains while the Spenserian sonnets’ rhyme interlocked by each quatrain. He thinks that the repetition of b-rhyme scheme belongs to deviant rhyming （306）.