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阅读下列短文，从所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Earth is Losing Species
People share the Earth with many different kinds of plants and animals. Did you know that there are more species (物种) on the Earth than stars in the universe? They offer us oxygen, food and the other resources we need. Destroy these living friends and we are destroying ourselves.
All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining (维持) life.
But many of our friends are leaving us or are about to leave us forever. Some species of plants and animals die out naturally because newer species are more successful at competing for food and living space. Others have become extinct because of changes in the planet or natural disasters.
Dinosaurs, for example, may have died out because the climate became cooler, or maybe because an asteroid (小行星) crashed into the Earth and caused a big cloud of dust that blocked out the sun.
In today’s world, however, species mostly become extinct or are threatened with extinction because of humans. Humans hunt animals, destroy their habitats, and introduce other animals that prey (捕食) upon endangered (these animals may die out) animals or compete for their resources.
Loss of a single species is very likely to destroy a whole food chain and affects others that rely on it. For example, eagles depend on mice, frogs and other small animals for survival (state of continuing to live or exist). Once they become extinct, eagles will also die out.
1. Why does the author say we destroy many different kinds of plants and animals, and ourselves, too?
A. Because people can’t live well without plants and animals.
B. Because plants, animals and the humans depend on each other for survival.
C. Because plants and animals offer us oxygen, food and all kinds of resources we need.
D. Because plants or animals can eat destructive insects and do a great deal of good to people.
2. The underlined word “extinct” in the third paragraph means _______.
A. no longer in existence B. rare
C. no longer active D. fantastic
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The weak are the prey (food) of the strong in natural world.
B. Plants or animals are fighting by each towards the other for food, water or living space.
C. Some plants or animals die out naturally because of changes in the planet or natural disasters.
D. Plants, animals and the human beings should live together peacefully and happily.
4. The changes of numbers about plants and animals are mostly decided by ________.
A. the changes of climate
B. a big cloud of dust blocking out the sun
C. the activities of humans
D. the natural enemies
5. The article mainly shows us ________.
A. to try our best to keep the balance of nature
B. to pay close attention to and protect the endangered plants and animals
C. how to improve the environment around us
D. to look at our planet’s wide ranges of plants and animals
【答案解析】
本文讲述动植物给人们提供氧气、食物和能源等，但由于人类的捕杀和砍伐等行为，动植物为了生存而互相残杀及自然灾害的影响，以至于动植物的数量和种类越来越少，作者通过本文告诫人们行动起来保护这些临危动植物。
1. B本题为较深层次的理解和概括题。A项不确切，B项包括C、D两项的意思。
2. A此题考查学生猜测词义的能力，从上下文可知，此处应为“绝种的；灭绝的”，其他三项不合题意。
3. D本题为细节题。在理解文章细节的同时，对文义加以提炼和归纳，才能得出答案：人类和动植物应该和平相处。
4. C从文章的第4、5两段可知其答案。
... In today’s world, however, species mostly become extinct or are threatened with extinction because of humans. Humans hunt animals, ...
5. B该题是文章的主旨题，即中心思想，也是作者写这篇文章的意图，告诫人们要密切注视、保护临危动植物。
[作者单位：湖北省咸宁市教学研究室]
B
■胡迪
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. Thursday has become our day to go out to the world and make a positive contribution. On this particular Thursday, we had no idea exactly what we were going to do. At noon, I drove to a McDonald’s with my daughters because they kept complaining that they hadn’t had enough at breakfast. There we saw some homeless people in the street and we bought lunch for them.
We were about to complete when we found a small woman standing at the corner, asking for change. We handed her some food, and then started to head home. Suddenly from the mirror of the car, I saw the woman waving at us, so I had to turn around and stopped where this little woman stood. She made her way to our car, and spoke, “No one has ever done anything like this for me before,” she said with amazement. I replied, “Well, I’m glad that we were the first.” Then I asked, “So, when do you think you’ll eat your lunch? It’s nearly three o’clock now.”
She just looked at me with her huge, tired brown eyes and said, “Oh honey, I’m not going to eat this lunch.” I was confused, but before I could say anything, she continued. “You see, I have a little girl at home and she just loves McDonald’s, but I can never buy it for her because I just don’t have the money. But you know what... tonight she is going to have McDonald’s!”
I don’t know if the kids noticed the tears in my eyes. So many times I had questioned whether our acts of kindness were too small to have effect on those poor people. Yet at that moment, I realized that it worked.
1. The writer drove to a McDonald’s to ______.
A. help the homeless people
B. have lunch with her daughters
C. meet the small woman
D. help the woman’s daughter
2. We can learn from the passage that the small woman ______.
A. was also homeless
B. was too busy to care for her daughter
C. was very poor
D. stopped the writer’s car to ask for more money
3. It can be inferred from the story that ______.
A. the writer doubted whether what she did was of use to the poor
B. the writer would continue to do her acts of kindness
C. the two daughters found their mother cried at the end of the day
D. the two daughters would make friends with the woman’s daughter
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. No small act of kindness
B. No one helps the homeless
C. No thanks, the homeless
D. The rich and the poor
【答案解析】
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“On this particular Thursday, we had no idea exactly what we were going to do.”和第五句“... they kept complaining that they hadn’t had enough at breakfast.”可知作者开车去麦当劳是和女儿们一起吃饭，至于碰到那些穷人，是她们没有预想到的。
2. C 细节理解题。第三段“... I have a little girl at home ...” 说明A错，B在文中找不到依据，而妇女拦车是为了向作者表达自己的谢意和感受，所以D也是错的；“... I just don’t have the money.”说明这个妇女很穷。
3. B 推理判断题。最后一句“Yet at that moment, I realized that it worked.”说明作者认识到自己的行动见效了，因此她还会这样做的，所以B正确；C、D两个选项在文中找不到依据。
4. A 主旨大意题。由最后一段作者的感想可知，做好事不分大小，一件小小的好事也会给别人带来很大的影响。故选A最佳。
【作者单位：安徽省东至二中】
责任编辑：李俊
A
Earth is Losing Species
People share the Earth with many different kinds of plants and animals. Did you know that there are more species (物种) on the Earth than stars in the universe? They offer us oxygen, food and the other resources we need. Destroy these living friends and we are destroying ourselves.
All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth and plays an important role in maintaining (维持) life.
But many of our friends are leaving us or are about to leave us forever. Some species of plants and animals die out naturally because newer species are more successful at competing for food and living space. Others have become extinct because of changes in the planet or natural disasters.
Dinosaurs, for example, may have died out because the climate became cooler, or maybe because an asteroid (小行星) crashed into the Earth and caused a big cloud of dust that blocked out the sun.
In today’s world, however, species mostly become extinct or are threatened with extinction because of humans. Humans hunt animals, destroy their habitats, and introduce other animals that prey (捕食) upon endangered (these animals may die out) animals or compete for their resources.
Loss of a single species is very likely to destroy a whole food chain and affects others that rely on it. For example, eagles depend on mice, frogs and other small animals for survival (state of continuing to live or exist). Once they become extinct, eagles will also die out.
1. Why does the author say we destroy many different kinds of plants and animals, and ourselves, too?
A. Because people can’t live well without plants and animals.
B. Because plants, animals and the humans depend on each other for survival.
C. Because plants and animals offer us oxygen, food and all kinds of resources we need.
D. Because plants or animals can eat destructive insects and do a great deal of good to people.
2. The underlined word “extinct” in the third paragraph means _______.
A. no longer in existence B. rare
C. no longer active D. fantastic
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The weak are the prey (food) of the strong in natural world.
B. Plants or animals are fighting by each towards the other for food, water or living space.
C. Some plants or animals die out naturally because of changes in the planet or natural disasters.
D. Plants, animals and the human beings should live together peacefully and happily.
4. The changes of numbers about plants and animals are mostly decided by ________.
A. the changes of climate
B. a big cloud of dust blocking out the sun
C. the activities of humans
D. the natural enemies
5. The article mainly shows us ________.
A. to try our best to keep the balance of nature
B. to pay close attention to and protect the endangered plants and animals
C. how to improve the environment around us
D. to look at our planet’s wide ranges of plants and animals
【答案解析】
本文讲述动植物给人们提供氧气、食物和能源等，但由于人类的捕杀和砍伐等行为，动植物为了生存而互相残杀及自然灾害的影响，以至于动植物的数量和种类越来越少，作者通过本文告诫人们行动起来保护这些临危动植物。
1. B本题为较深层次的理解和概括题。A项不确切，B项包括C、D两项的意思。
2. A此题考查学生猜测词义的能力，从上下文可知，此处应为“绝种的；灭绝的”，其他三项不合题意。
3. D本题为细节题。在理解文章细节的同时，对文义加以提炼和归纳，才能得出答案：人类和动植物应该和平相处。
4. C从文章的第4、5两段可知其答案。
... In today’s world, however, species mostly become extinct or are threatened with extinction because of humans. Humans hunt animals, ...
5. B该题是文章的主旨题，即中心思想，也是作者写这篇文章的意图，告诫人们要密切注视、保护临危动植物。
[作者单位：湖北省咸宁市教学研究室]
B
■胡迪
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. Thursday has become our day to go out to the world and make a positive contribution. On this particular Thursday, we had no idea exactly what we were going to do. At noon, I drove to a McDonald’s with my daughters because they kept complaining that they hadn’t had enough at breakfast. There we saw some homeless people in the street and we bought lunch for them.
We were about to complete when we found a small woman standing at the corner, asking for change. We handed her some food, and then started to head home. Suddenly from the mirror of the car, I saw the woman waving at us, so I had to turn around and stopped where this little woman stood. She made her way to our car, and spoke, “No one has ever done anything like this for me before,” she said with amazement. I replied, “Well, I’m glad that we were the first.” Then I asked, “So, when do you think you’ll eat your lunch? It’s nearly three o’clock now.”
She just looked at me with her huge, tired brown eyes and said, “Oh honey, I’m not going to eat this lunch.” I was confused, but before I could say anything, she continued. “You see, I have a little girl at home and she just loves McDonald’s, but I can never buy it for her because I just don’t have the money. But you know what... tonight she is going to have McDonald’s!”
I don’t know if the kids noticed the tears in my eyes. So many times I had questioned whether our acts of kindness were too small to have effect on those poor people. Yet at that moment, I realized that it worked.
1. The writer drove to a McDonald’s to ______.
A. help the homeless people
B. have lunch with her daughters
C. meet the small woman
D. help the woman’s daughter
2. We can learn from the passage that the small woman ______.
A. was also homeless
B. was too busy to care for her daughter
C. was very poor
D. stopped the writer’s car to ask for more money
3. It can be inferred from the story that ______.
A. the writer doubted whether what she did was of use to the poor
B. the writer would continue to do her acts of kindness
C. the two daughters found their mother cried at the end of the day
D. the two daughters would make friends with the woman’s daughter
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. No small act of kindness
B. No one helps the homeless
C. No thanks, the homeless
D. The rich and the poor
【答案解析】
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“On this particular Thursday, we had no idea exactly what we were going to do.”和第五句“... they kept complaining that they hadn’t had enough at breakfast.”可知作者开车去麦当劳是和女儿们一起吃饭，至于碰到那些穷人，是她们没有预想到的。
2. C 细节理解题。第三段“... I have a little girl at home ...” 说明A错，B在文中找不到依据，而妇女拦车是为了向作者表达自己的谢意和感受，所以D也是错的；“... I just don’t have the money.”说明这个妇女很穷。
3. B 推理判断题。最后一句“Yet at that moment, I realized that it worked.”说明作者认识到自己的行动见效了，因此她还会这样做的，所以B正确；C、D两个选项在文中找不到依据。
4. A 主旨大意题。由最后一段作者的感想可知，做好事不分大小，一件小小的好事也会给别人带来很大的影响。故选A最佳。
【作者单位：安徽省东至二中】
责任编辑：李俊