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十九世纪著名语言学家索绪尔的重要著作《普通语言学教程》,最近在我国翻译出版(高名凯译,一九八○年商务印书馆出版)。这是一部流行极广、影响深远的著作。近年在我国颇为流行的结构主义语言理论、转换生成语法理论,都是以其中有关的论点为基础而加以修订和发展的。对索绪尔的这部著作,过去中外语言学界均有评论。此书翻译出版前,我曾有译文介绍索绪尔的语言学说。岑麒祥教授在此书汉译本《前言》中指出:“德·索绪尔在书中提出的各种见解和主张,不能看作语言学中的定论……我们必须采取科学的态度,以实事求是的精神加以分析批判,从实际出发取其精华作为借鉴,才能对我们起一些启发和指示的作用,推动我国语言学向前发展。”为此,特再译介苏联语言学家契柯巴瓦对索绪尔语言学说的有关评述。今天看来,契柯巴瓦的评价有某些偏颇,对其中不少有价值的论点缺乏具体的实事求是的分析。但是,如果能够注意到这一点,它仍会帮助我们理解索绪尔的这部名著,帮助我们重新领会斯大林关于语言本质的论述。本文节译自《做为语言学对象的语言问题》一书第二章第四十六节(第111—125页),标题是译者加的。
The important book “General Linguistics” by Saussure, a famous nineteenth-century linguist, was recently translated and published in China (Gao Mingkai, published by Commercial Press, 1980). This is a very popular, far-reaching book. In recent years, the popular structuralist language theory and the conversion grammar theory in our country are both revised and developed based on the relevant arguments. For Saussure’s book, both Chinese and foreign linguistic scholars have commented. Before the book was translated and published, I had a translation that introduced Saussure’s linguistic theory. In his Preface to the Chinese translation of this book, Professor Cen Qixiang pointed out: “The various opinions and propositions put forward by De Saussure in the book can not be regarded as a conclusion in linguistics ... We must adopt a scientific attitude and seek truth from facts Spirit of analysis and criticism from the actual take their essence as a reference in order to give us some inspiration and instructions to promote the development of linguistics in our country. ”To this end, special translation of the Soviet linguist Chiku Bawa on Relevant comments on Saussure ’s linguistic theory. Today, it seems that Chekovwa’s assessment has some biases and lacks concrete and factual analysis of many of these valuable arguments. However, if this can be noticed, it will still help us to understand Saussure’s famous work and help us to re-understand Stalin’s discourse on the nature of language. This essay is translated from the forty-sixth chapter (pp. 111-125) of Chapter Two of the book entitled “Language Problems as Objects of Linguistics,” with the title “Translator Plus.”