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主张“性善论”的孟子认为人性是天赋的,人的道德行为都是出于其内在的仁义之性的。仁义就是道德判断的标准,是内在的、应然的,而具体的事物是外在的、实然的。正因为义是应然的,所以人们才会理直气壮的履行道德行为,才会生发出“浩然之气”。但大多数人对正确的道德准则置若罔闻,在应该挺身而出的时候却退缩了,之所以出现这种现象,孟子认为是因为我们缺少正气,所以即使我们知道了道德准则却并不能履行。孟子给我们指出了一个努力方向,就是要通过“知言”来长养“浩然正气”,增强道德行为的动力。
Mencius, who advocated “good nature”, believes that human nature is natural, and human moral behavior is out of its inherent virtue of benevolence. Righteousness is the standard of moral judgment, which is internal and should be, and the concrete things are external and actual. Precisely because righteousness is the right thing to do, people will righteously carry out their moral behavior before they can give birth to “awe-inspiring spirit.” However, most people turned a deaf ear to the correct moral norms but retreated when they should step forward. Mencius thought it was because we lacked good righteousness that we could not perform even if we knew the moral norms. Mencius pointed out to us a direction of hard work in that we should adopt the “wisdom” to cultivate the “upright spirit” and enhance the motivation of moral behavior.