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全国各地中考对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在动词不定式和V-ing形式方面。对动词不定式的考查主要体现在以下几个方面:1、做宾语。2、做目的状语。3、做宾语补足语(带to或不带to)。4、"疑问词+不定式"。6、特殊结构;中考对V-ing的考查集中在finish, mind, enjoy等动词后用V-ing形式、介词之后用V-ing形式以及V-ing作宾语补足语等方面。考查学生的能力目标是能够在具体的情境中恰当地使用各种非谓语动词形式并准确地表达交际意图。
一、中考对动词不定式的考查
1. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps (2011江西省)
2. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves (2010北京市)
3. Don’t forget _______ an umbrella _______ you. It’s going to rain.
A. to take; to B. taking; to C. to take; with D. taking; with (2010陕西省)
4. ---Are you going to the party ________ at Smith’s home this evening?
---I will if I am free.
A. holding B. held C. to held D. to be held (2010芜湖市)
5. You had better ________ because you have to drive back home.
A. not drinking B. not drink C. don’t drink D. not to drink (2011上海市)
6. ---I feel a bit hungry now.
--Why not ________ for dinner with us?
A. go B. did you go C. to go D. do you go (2011广州市)
说明:1、C。考查动词不定式作目的状语。本题是个“陷阱”题,命题人故意设置了一个“陷阱”让考生往里“跳”。如果不仔细分析句子成分,则很容易跳入“陷阱”。因为情态动词can要求跟动词原形,而此处的动词原形do已被省略。2、C。考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。“叫某人做某事”的动词句式为:tell sb. to do sth.,因此选项C为正确答案。3、C。考查特殊动词后的动词形式。在英语中,几个特殊的动词(如forget, remember, stop等),其后跟动词不定式与动名词含义完全不同。跟动词不定式表示动作尚未发生【forget(remember) to do something】,跟动名词表示动作已经发生【forget(remember) doing something】。本题意为:不要忘了随身带雨伞,天要下雨了。说明动作尚未发生,故选A项。4、D。考查固动词不定式的被动式。句意:今天晚上你要去Smith家参加举行的聚会吗?此处表示被动意义,其形式是“to be +过去分词”。5、B。本题考查“had better do something”句型,其否定式是had better not do something,意为“最好不要干某事”。6、A。在句型Why not之后应该跟动词原形,表示征求对方的意见。
二、中考对动名词以及分词的考查
1. ---How would your family like to travel?
---It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks ________ to travel.
A. to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive (2010黄冈市)
2. ---What a heavy rain!
---So it is. I prefer _________ at home _________ on such a rainy day.
A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out
C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out (2009扬州市)
3. She couldn’t _________ her words ________ by the students.
A. get; understanding B. get; understood
C. make; to understand D. make; understand (2009烟台市)
4. May I have a rest? I have already finished _________ the report.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written (2011广州市) 5. ---We don’t have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?
---OK. What about ________ a movie?
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees (2010广州市)
6. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others _________ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting (2011上海市)
说明:1、B。考查固定搭配stick to中的to是动词不定式符号还是介词。应该知道,stick to意为“坚持做某事”,to不是不定式符号,而是介词,后面跟动名词。2、C。考查固定表达方式。prefer doing something to doing something表示“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……”,据此判断,唯有选项C符合此结构,故选之。3、B。考查使役动词及过去分词。句式get(make) something done意为“使……被做”。句意:她的话不能被学生们所理解。第二个空应该选用动词的过去分词,具有被动之意。4、B。考查动名词作宾语。在英语中,动词finish, enjoy, mind等词后可以跟动名词作宾语,而不能跟动词不等式。据此判断选项C为正确答案。5、B。考查介词之后的动词形式。about是介词,因此之后需接动名词。6、D。句意:众所周知,让别人长时间等待是不礼貌的。keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。
三、中考在同题中既考查动词不定式,又考查动名词及分词的情况
【精题搜索】
1. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _________.
A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry (2010兰州市)
2. ---How about _______ in the river with us?
---Sorry, I can’t. My parents often tell me ________ that.
A. swim; don’t do B. swim; to do
C. swimming; not do D. swimming; not to do (2009深圳市)
3. The young man used to _________ to work, but he is used to _________ to work now.
A. drive; walking B. drove; walked
C. drive; walks D. driving; walk (2009江苏省宿迁市)
4. ---Where’s your brother now, Bob?
---I saw him _______ in the street a moment ago and I told him ________.
A. playing; don’t do so B. playing; not to do so C. play; to do so (2010成都市)
5. While we were running on the playground , Jack suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _______ what was wrong with him.
A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see (2011成都市)
说明:1、B。考查make复合宾语中动词不定式的形式以及stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.的区别。句意:Danny做各种事让孩子停止哭。make之后作宾语补足语的动词不定式符号to必须省去,据此判断,应排除选项A和C。又stop to do sth. 表示“停下来开始做某事”,而stop doing sth.则是“停止做(一直在做的)某事”。根据句意,应该选择B项。2、D。考查动名词和动词不定式。根据介词(about)后面应跟动名词判断,排除选项A和B。句式tell sb. (not) to do sth意为“叫某人(不要)做某事”,根据语境,应使用动词不定式的否定式,故选D项。3、A。考查固定搭配。used to do something表示“过去经常做某事”,而be used to doing something表示“习惯于做某事”。句意:那位年轻人过去经常开车去上班,而现在习惯于步行上班。唯有选项A符合题意。4、B。考查分词与动词不定式。see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 tell sb. not to do sth“叫某人不要做某事”,因此B为正确选项。5、C。考查分词作宾语以及动词不定式作目的状语。参看第1小题的解释。
四、命题规律
在近几年各省市的中考试题中,有80%以上的省市对非谓语动词进行了考查。并且有的省市在单选题中设置了3道甚至4道试题对非谓语动词进行了考查,而且在同一道试题中既考查了动词不定式,又考查了动名词或分词,显示出非谓语动词在英语学习中的重要作用。仔细分析研究这些试题不难发现,对动词不定式的考查常集中在一些固定的习惯表达方面。比如近几年北京市、广东省、山西省及深圳市等多个省市均对ask(tell) sb. (not) to do sth.结构进行了考查;河南省、无锡市及宁波市等对“疑问词+动词不定式”结构进行了考查;许多省市对动词不定式作目的状语进行了考查;淄博市、杭州市、兰州市等对固定搭配的had better do something 及Why not do something进行了考查,还有的省市对stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.的区别进行了考查,比如南充市、深圳市、福州市等。在考查动词不定式的句子功能方面,很少发现考查作主语的情况,而考查不定式作定语的省市寥寥无几。
五、迎考策略
学习和复习非谓语动词最好与动词的搭配和句型结合起来一起进行,把重点放在常用动词用法上。
1、 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(或短语)。如want, hope, decide, wish, choose, would like等。
2、 跟动名词作宾语的动词(或短语)。如enjoy, finish, mind, feel like, be busy, be worth,consider, allow, practice can’t help, put off, keep on等。
3、 注意动词stop, remember, forget, go on等后用动词不定式(作状语)和用动名词(作宾语)的区别。
4、 注意动词tell, want, would, ask, wish等后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构。
5、 注意不带to的动词不定式的用法。如感官动词及使役动词后跟不定式作宾补时应省去to;在had better和why not等句式后跟不带to的不定式。等。
6、 注意动词不定式作定语、动词不定式与疑问词的连用以及固定搭配等情况。
一、中考对动词不定式的考查
1. How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps (2011江西省)
2. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves (2010北京市)
3. Don’t forget _______ an umbrella _______ you. It’s going to rain.
A. to take; to B. taking; to C. to take; with D. taking; with (2010陕西省)
4. ---Are you going to the party ________ at Smith’s home this evening?
---I will if I am free.
A. holding B. held C. to held D. to be held (2010芜湖市)
5. You had better ________ because you have to drive back home.
A. not drinking B. not drink C. don’t drink D. not to drink (2011上海市)
6. ---I feel a bit hungry now.
--Why not ________ for dinner with us?
A. go B. did you go C. to go D. do you go (2011广州市)
说明:1、C。考查动词不定式作目的状语。本题是个“陷阱”题,命题人故意设置了一个“陷阱”让考生往里“跳”。如果不仔细分析句子成分,则很容易跳入“陷阱”。因为情态动词can要求跟动词原形,而此处的动词原形do已被省略。2、C。考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。“叫某人做某事”的动词句式为:tell sb. to do sth.,因此选项C为正确答案。3、C。考查特殊动词后的动词形式。在英语中,几个特殊的动词(如forget, remember, stop等),其后跟动词不定式与动名词含义完全不同。跟动词不定式表示动作尚未发生【forget(remember) to do something】,跟动名词表示动作已经发生【forget(remember) doing something】。本题意为:不要忘了随身带雨伞,天要下雨了。说明动作尚未发生,故选A项。4、D。考查固动词不定式的被动式。句意:今天晚上你要去Smith家参加举行的聚会吗?此处表示被动意义,其形式是“to be +过去分词”。5、B。本题考查“had better do something”句型,其否定式是had better not do something,意为“最好不要干某事”。6、A。在句型Why not之后应该跟动词原形,表示征求对方的意见。
二、中考对动名词以及分词的考查
1. ---How would your family like to travel?
---It’s a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father always sticks ________ to travel.
A. to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive (2010黄冈市)
2. ---What a heavy rain!
---So it is. I prefer _________ at home _________ on such a rainy day.
A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out
C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out (2009扬州市)
3. She couldn’t _________ her words ________ by the students.
A. get; understanding B. get; understood
C. make; to understand D. make; understand (2009烟台市)
4. May I have a rest? I have already finished _________ the report.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written (2011广州市) 5. ---We don’t have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?
---OK. What about ________ a movie?
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees (2010广州市)
6. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others _________ for a long time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting (2011上海市)
说明:1、B。考查固定搭配stick to中的to是动词不定式符号还是介词。应该知道,stick to意为“坚持做某事”,to不是不定式符号,而是介词,后面跟动名词。2、C。考查固定表达方式。prefer doing something to doing something表示“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……”,据此判断,唯有选项C符合此结构,故选之。3、B。考查使役动词及过去分词。句式get(make) something done意为“使……被做”。句意:她的话不能被学生们所理解。第二个空应该选用动词的过去分词,具有被动之意。4、B。考查动名词作宾语。在英语中,动词finish, enjoy, mind等词后可以跟动名词作宾语,而不能跟动词不等式。据此判断选项C为正确答案。5、B。考查介词之后的动词形式。about是介词,因此之后需接动名词。6、D。句意:众所周知,让别人长时间等待是不礼貌的。keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。
三、中考在同题中既考查动词不定式,又考查动名词及分词的情况
【精题搜索】
1. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _________.
A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry (2010兰州市)
2. ---How about _______ in the river with us?
---Sorry, I can’t. My parents often tell me ________ that.
A. swim; don’t do B. swim; to do
C. swimming; not do D. swimming; not to do (2009深圳市)
3. The young man used to _________ to work, but he is used to _________ to work now.
A. drive; walking B. drove; walked
C. drive; walks D. driving; walk (2009江苏省宿迁市)
4. ---Where’s your brother now, Bob?
---I saw him _______ in the street a moment ago and I told him ________.
A. playing; don’t do so B. playing; not to do so C. play; to do so (2010成都市)
5. While we were running on the playground , Jack suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _______ what was wrong with him.
A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see (2011成都市)
说明:1、B。考查make复合宾语中动词不定式的形式以及stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.的区别。句意:Danny做各种事让孩子停止哭。make之后作宾语补足语的动词不定式符号to必须省去,据此判断,应排除选项A和C。又stop to do sth. 表示“停下来开始做某事”,而stop doing sth.则是“停止做(一直在做的)某事”。根据句意,应该选择B项。2、D。考查动名词和动词不定式。根据介词(about)后面应跟动名词判断,排除选项A和B。句式tell sb. (not) to do sth意为“叫某人(不要)做某事”,根据语境,应使用动词不定式的否定式,故选D项。3、A。考查固定搭配。used to do something表示“过去经常做某事”,而be used to doing something表示“习惯于做某事”。句意:那位年轻人过去经常开车去上班,而现在习惯于步行上班。唯有选项A符合题意。4、B。考查分词与动词不定式。see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 tell sb. not to do sth“叫某人不要做某事”,因此B为正确选项。5、C。考查分词作宾语以及动词不定式作目的状语。参看第1小题的解释。
四、命题规律
在近几年各省市的中考试题中,有80%以上的省市对非谓语动词进行了考查。并且有的省市在单选题中设置了3道甚至4道试题对非谓语动词进行了考查,而且在同一道试题中既考查了动词不定式,又考查了动名词或分词,显示出非谓语动词在英语学习中的重要作用。仔细分析研究这些试题不难发现,对动词不定式的考查常集中在一些固定的习惯表达方面。比如近几年北京市、广东省、山西省及深圳市等多个省市均对ask(tell) sb. (not) to do sth.结构进行了考查;河南省、无锡市及宁波市等对“疑问词+动词不定式”结构进行了考查;许多省市对动词不定式作目的状语进行了考查;淄博市、杭州市、兰州市等对固定搭配的had better do something 及Why not do something进行了考查,还有的省市对stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.的区别进行了考查,比如南充市、深圳市、福州市等。在考查动词不定式的句子功能方面,很少发现考查作主语的情况,而考查不定式作定语的省市寥寥无几。
五、迎考策略
学习和复习非谓语动词最好与动词的搭配和句型结合起来一起进行,把重点放在常用动词用法上。
1、 跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(或短语)。如want, hope, decide, wish, choose, would like等。
2、 跟动名词作宾语的动词(或短语)。如enjoy, finish, mind, feel like, be busy, be worth,consider, allow, practice can’t help, put off, keep on等。
3、 注意动词stop, remember, forget, go on等后用动词不定式(作状语)和用动名词(作宾语)的区别。
4、 注意动词tell, want, would, ask, wish等后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构。
5、 注意不带to的动词不定式的用法。如感官动词及使役动词后跟不定式作宾补时应省去to;在had better和why not等句式后跟不带to的不定式。等。
6、 注意动词不定式作定语、动词不定式与疑问词的连用以及固定搭配等情况。