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【Abstract】： The movie Troy regards the Iliad of Homer’s Epics as blueprint， and it represents the solemn and stirring Trojan War in the Greek mythology. By describing the visual impact of movie and giving a humanized interpret of characters and their fates， the paper not only shows the cause of power and desire in the war， but also praises the importance of familiar affection， love and friendship. What’s more， it reflects modern people’s consciousness of the war and yearning for a better life.
【Key words】： Troy; Iliad; humanity
European culture is today’s mainstream culture， and Greek culture is the source of European culture. Greek mythology was created at the very beginning of human beings. During their fight with the nature， Greeks developed their imagination and creativity， which made the country endowed with artistic appeal.
Homer’s Epics is the treasure of the ancient Greek literature and art. As one of the sources of world civilization， the great work has inspired descendants’ wisdom and imagination. [1]Recently， the score for Hollywood movie Troy is the latest tribute to Homer’s Epics. Previous adapted works were faithful to the original literature. Unlike it， Troy drastically revised the Iliad of the Homer’s Epics and removed all features of mythology， making the scuffle between man and God into a completely man-centered epic. The heroic and stirring epic was about war， love， heroes and legend. [2]
The story took place in the 12th century BC. Paris was son of Priam， king of Troy. He looked handsome and lived like a dissolute playboy life. When he visited to Sparta for peace talk， Paris met king Menelaus’s wife， Helen and fell in love with her. On his return from Sparta， he quietly went away with Helen. Menelaus couldn’t bear his wife was stole， so he asked his brother Agamemnon （king of Mycenae） to help him recapture wife. Agamemnon had been thinking of removing this stumbling block to achieve the control of the Aegean Sea. He took the opportunity to muster tribes of Greek and launched a war between the Greeks and the Trojans， and ultimately destroyed the Troy city. According to the records of Greek mythology， the Trojan War was rooted in the jealousy among the Olympian Gods. Hera （Zeus’s wife）， Athena （Goddess of wisdom） and Aphrodite （Goddess of love） made the young Paris choose the most beautiful woman of them and gave him different commitments. Paris chose Aphrodite， which doomed him to fall in love with the most beautiful woman in the world. At the same time， he provoked Hera and Athena’s grudge and revenge. In other words， it was the Trojan War that lasted 10 years and lost countless people’s lives. During the war， the Olympian Gods were involved with and assisted with different camps， so the Trojan War of the Iliad was actually a war participated by God and man. The visual shock of the movie is massive. At the start of the movie， what jumps into audiences’ views is a dog. It runs toward the soldiers’ corpses around barriers. The corpses have a foul smell and a few crows are pecking their internal organs. Such scenarios make people disgusting and realize the cruelty of war. Audiences see on the screen that one army is face to face with another army. The air is resonant with clops and soldiers’ footsteps. Tall and mighty Boagrius is the best warrior of Thessaly， while Achilles is the most courageous warrior of Agamemnon army. Boagrius throws spears to Achilles， but Achilles rapidly blocks two flying spears and leaps to get the sword into Boagrius’s neck. In the end， Boagruis collapses to the ground and dies. From now on， king and ministers surrenders to the rule of Agamemnon. At the moment， the audiences’ hearts have been shaken by this brutal slaughter， and they only lament the fragility of life and admire Achilles’s bravery and alertness. Hector and Paris come to Sparta for peace talk， and that they receive the warm hospitality from king Menelaus and his wife Helen. When Goddesses asks Paris who is the most beautiful one among them， he seduces and spirits away Helen. This behavior leads to the outbreak of the Trojan War. As the leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War， Agamemnon leads thousands of troops and sailing ships to march into Troy. Although an azure sky above the blue sea and the vast universe as the background， inevitably， a fight is approaching. [3] The audiences cannot help but think： even if the universe is vast， it can’t tolerate with infinite human desires. Troy beach and the fight in the sun temple accelerate the breathing of audiences. Achilles and his fifty subordinates armed with cold weapons stand on the pickets to endure hand-to-hand combats. Arrows fall to the beach. War horses fall to the ground and die， in addition to， bloody corpses spread all over the beach and sun temple including unarmed Priests of Ra. The ruthless war is brilliantly and effectively shown in this tragic scene.
Another exciting scene is the duel between Menelaus and Paris. When Menelaus is killed by Hector， Agamemnon orders with shock and grief soldiers to attack the Troy. Because the Greek armies are too close to walls of Troy and Achilles grabs off Agamemnon’s trophies， especially his adored female prisoner Briseis， he angrily quits the fight， which results in the defeat of the Greek soldiers. Soldiers confuse fighting around the battlefield and chariots run over the corpses to burst out of the blood， making the surrounding land red with blood. Patroclus is mistaken for Achilles， Hector uses the sword to cleave his throat from front to back， which gives people a strong visual impact. Blood falls into the ground with his throat slit and Patroclus begins to breathe heavily， the horrible scene frightens every audiences. Undoubtedly， the Trojan horse achieves success and the Troy falls to the Greeks， which makes audiences catch their breath. After that， Greece allied troops slaughter the Trojan soldiers， rape women and plunder treasures， which leaves an indelible impression on audiences. Above-mentioned scenes make audiences experience the ancient Greek life in the war. In addition to the cruelty of war， the blue sea and the yellow ancient pavilions make people appreciate the majesty and greatness of nature. Audiences wonder that the love scenes of handsome boys and beautiful girls manifest the ancient Greeks’ persistent pursuit of love and beauty. The visual impact is not only to attract audiences’ eyes， what is important is that it strives to return to simple and plain life of ancient Greeks， causing the shock of modern souls. As an adaption of the epic， Troy is one of central points at issue. Although Troy adapts from Iliad， Gods don’t appear in the movie. Inversely， the movie thoroughly shows heroes and warriors in the war. [4]However， in the 21st modern society， the success of the movie is that it turns God’s story into people’s legend. Firstly， actors perform the characters of the epic in a humanized way. Although the movie Troy regards fairy tale as blueprint， it rejects the divine intervention， erases the divinity of heroes and lacks the participation of Gods. The movie will focus on the subject of human. A film about action-packed battles reveals the evil， good， right and wrong of humanity to the audiences. The Trojan War in the Greek mythology is obedient to God’s will， but the Trojan War in the movie is entirely from the humanity. Whether Agamemnon desires for territory or Paris pursues for beauty， the cause of these wars is selfishness and greed. The film’s embodiment of this point is extremely in place， and Agamemnon plainly expresses his attempt to king cerise， “I like your land.” When his brother Menelaus asks him to help recapture his wife， he behaves like weighting the brotherhood. In fact， he is very willing to attack the Troy. After finishing the first battle， Agamemnon delightfully accepts the tributary treasure from leaders of all states. What’s more， He sends people to rap Achilles’s trophy， Briseis， which intensifies the conflicts with Achilles. The “king of kings” doesn’t behave like the king， and he is more like a mercenary. Paris’s private ends are more catastrophic， so the country is defeated and the home lost. On the contrary， the Greek and Trojan heroes Achilles and Hector can be the model of reflecting family affection， love and friendship. The film doesn’t make audiences feel inexorability in the fight， but realizes the tenderness of humanity that makes people’s heart subtly shock. Achilles is good enough to serve as the first hero of the Greek. He is a person of great strengths on the battlefield. His care for female prisoner Briseis， his affection for his cousin Patrodus and his respect to king Priam add him richer humanization color. Hector’s image is perfectly reflected in the movie. He is fearless hero in the battlefield. In the family， he is a loving father， a faithful husband， a generous brother and a filial son. The greatness and the supreme good of humanity seem to roll up into one. When Hector is martyred in the front of his family and compatriots， the humanized performance and extremely tragic ending make the character more appealing and more realistic. Secondly， the movie gives a humanized interpret of characters’ fates. Unlike the Greek mythology， Troy made a very different arrangement on the ultimate fate of main characters. The fact that Hector is killed by Achilles conforms to the original plot. In the Homer’s Epics， Patrocles （the Greek warrior） commits suicide at the end of the Trojan War， but he is put to death by Hector’s sword in the movie. The king of Sparta， that is Helen’s ex-husband Menelaus， doesn’t die from the Trojan War， but he is killed by Hector in the movie. Because Hector puts mighty Patrocles and Menelaus to the sword， these endings make for establishing the heroic image of the Hector. As for the latter’s death， although Hector understands it will break two armies’ agreement and leads to the escalation of war， he won’t tolerate his brother is humiliated in front of him， even loses his life， which forces him to face the upcoming fate. Because the movie doesn’t exist Gods’ role， Achilles， the Greek hero， is shot to death by Paris instead of Apollo’s shoot， which makes Paris realize the shift from cowardice to bravery， from humiliation to dignity. The Troy in the Greek mythology was finally destroyed in the war. Trojans， including the royal families are either killed or become slaves of Greeks. The movie Troy makes arrangements on the final outcome in line with public expectations. A few Trojans， including Paris escape from the postern and survive. The scene makes audiences feel a little solace in sorrow and regret. Thirdly， the movie is a humanized appealing for war and peace. The main characters’ understanding and yearning toward peace are quite different in the movie. Priam， the king of Troy has been working for peace for many years. The beginning of story is that two princes of Troy as peace envoy go to Sparta. Because of their passion for peace， Menelaus （the king of Sparta） and Hector （the prince of Troy） think days of peace talk and feast will end years of the campaign between the two countries. However， the prospect for peace lasts for a short time. Romantic Paris leaves the responsibility of peace talk all behind him and spirits Helen， the queen of Sparta away. “I don’t want the peace. I only want you （Helen）.” In Paris’s eyes， hard-earned peace between the two countries is far less than the love of a married woman. His naive decision makes peace evaporate. The Mycenaean king Agamemnon has been a strangler of peace. During his reign， he always fights constantly， in his own words： “Only women and the weak pray for peace， all empires are the product of wars.” Whether the warmonger is killed by Boagrius or he dies in the hand of his betrayed wife， it is the consequences that he is wild about hegemony and war. On the whole， Troy is a movie of reflecting the war， but the movie embodies the war from the perspective of modern people. [5]The original Iliad describes the soldiers of two sides in the war as barbarians who kill people for the honor. On the contrary， Troy reflects human consciousness in the different position by means of exquisite expression， which not only shows the cause of power and desire in the war， but also praises the importance of familiar affection， love and friendship. Besides， it conveys people’s understanding of war in all aspects of humanity. What’s more， it reflects modern people’s consciousness of the war and yearning for a better life. Troy is a tragic epic. The movie brings the audiences is more spiritual enlightenment than the visual impact.
References：
[1] 荷馬.伊利亚特[M].陈中梅译.南京：译林出版社，2003.
[2] 杨永明.论西方文化中的人性维度[ J ].学术论坛，2007（10）：10-13.
[3] 斯威布.古希腊神话故事与传说[M].高中甫等译.北京：北京燕山出版社，2005.
[4]劉萍.从《伊利亚特》到《特洛伊》—经典重构之反思[J].外国文学，2008（03）.
[5] 梁国华，王朝辉.解析电影《特洛伊》的神话背景[J].电影文学，2008（02）.
【Key words】： Troy; Iliad; humanity
European culture is today’s mainstream culture， and Greek culture is the source of European culture. Greek mythology was created at the very beginning of human beings. During their fight with the nature， Greeks developed their imagination and creativity， which made the country endowed with artistic appeal.
Homer’s Epics is the treasure of the ancient Greek literature and art. As one of the sources of world civilization， the great work has inspired descendants’ wisdom and imagination. [1]Recently， the score for Hollywood movie Troy is the latest tribute to Homer’s Epics. Previous adapted works were faithful to the original literature. Unlike it， Troy drastically revised the Iliad of the Homer’s Epics and removed all features of mythology， making the scuffle between man and God into a completely man-centered epic. The heroic and stirring epic was about war， love， heroes and legend. [2]
The story took place in the 12th century BC. Paris was son of Priam， king of Troy. He looked handsome and lived like a dissolute playboy life. When he visited to Sparta for peace talk， Paris met king Menelaus’s wife， Helen and fell in love with her. On his return from Sparta， he quietly went away with Helen. Menelaus couldn’t bear his wife was stole， so he asked his brother Agamemnon （king of Mycenae） to help him recapture wife. Agamemnon had been thinking of removing this stumbling block to achieve the control of the Aegean Sea. He took the opportunity to muster tribes of Greek and launched a war between the Greeks and the Trojans， and ultimately destroyed the Troy city. According to the records of Greek mythology， the Trojan War was rooted in the jealousy among the Olympian Gods. Hera （Zeus’s wife）， Athena （Goddess of wisdom） and Aphrodite （Goddess of love） made the young Paris choose the most beautiful woman of them and gave him different commitments. Paris chose Aphrodite， which doomed him to fall in love with the most beautiful woman in the world. At the same time， he provoked Hera and Athena’s grudge and revenge. In other words， it was the Trojan War that lasted 10 years and lost countless people’s lives. During the war， the Olympian Gods were involved with and assisted with different camps， so the Trojan War of the Iliad was actually a war participated by God and man. The visual shock of the movie is massive. At the start of the movie， what jumps into audiences’ views is a dog. It runs toward the soldiers’ corpses around barriers. The corpses have a foul smell and a few crows are pecking their internal organs. Such scenarios make people disgusting and realize the cruelty of war. Audiences see on the screen that one army is face to face with another army. The air is resonant with clops and soldiers’ footsteps. Tall and mighty Boagrius is the best warrior of Thessaly， while Achilles is the most courageous warrior of Agamemnon army. Boagrius throws spears to Achilles， but Achilles rapidly blocks two flying spears and leaps to get the sword into Boagrius’s neck. In the end， Boagruis collapses to the ground and dies. From now on， king and ministers surrenders to the rule of Agamemnon. At the moment， the audiences’ hearts have been shaken by this brutal slaughter， and they only lament the fragility of life and admire Achilles’s bravery and alertness. Hector and Paris come to Sparta for peace talk， and that they receive the warm hospitality from king Menelaus and his wife Helen. When Goddesses asks Paris who is the most beautiful one among them， he seduces and spirits away Helen. This behavior leads to the outbreak of the Trojan War. As the leader of the Greeks in the Trojan War， Agamemnon leads thousands of troops and sailing ships to march into Troy. Although an azure sky above the blue sea and the vast universe as the background， inevitably， a fight is approaching. [3] The audiences cannot help but think： even if the universe is vast， it can’t tolerate with infinite human desires. Troy beach and the fight in the sun temple accelerate the breathing of audiences. Achilles and his fifty subordinates armed with cold weapons stand on the pickets to endure hand-to-hand combats. Arrows fall to the beach. War horses fall to the ground and die， in addition to， bloody corpses spread all over the beach and sun temple including unarmed Priests of Ra. The ruthless war is brilliantly and effectively shown in this tragic scene.
Another exciting scene is the duel between Menelaus and Paris. When Menelaus is killed by Hector， Agamemnon orders with shock and grief soldiers to attack the Troy. Because the Greek armies are too close to walls of Troy and Achilles grabs off Agamemnon’s trophies， especially his adored female prisoner Briseis， he angrily quits the fight， which results in the defeat of the Greek soldiers. Soldiers confuse fighting around the battlefield and chariots run over the corpses to burst out of the blood， making the surrounding land red with blood. Patroclus is mistaken for Achilles， Hector uses the sword to cleave his throat from front to back， which gives people a strong visual impact. Blood falls into the ground with his throat slit and Patroclus begins to breathe heavily， the horrible scene frightens every audiences. Undoubtedly， the Trojan horse achieves success and the Troy falls to the Greeks， which makes audiences catch their breath. After that， Greece allied troops slaughter the Trojan soldiers， rape women and plunder treasures， which leaves an indelible impression on audiences. Above-mentioned scenes make audiences experience the ancient Greek life in the war. In addition to the cruelty of war， the blue sea and the yellow ancient pavilions make people appreciate the majesty and greatness of nature. Audiences wonder that the love scenes of handsome boys and beautiful girls manifest the ancient Greeks’ persistent pursuit of love and beauty. The visual impact is not only to attract audiences’ eyes， what is important is that it strives to return to simple and plain life of ancient Greeks， causing the shock of modern souls. As an adaption of the epic， Troy is one of central points at issue. Although Troy adapts from Iliad， Gods don’t appear in the movie. Inversely， the movie thoroughly shows heroes and warriors in the war. [4]However， in the 21st modern society， the success of the movie is that it turns God’s story into people’s legend. Firstly， actors perform the characters of the epic in a humanized way. Although the movie Troy regards fairy tale as blueprint， it rejects the divine intervention， erases the divinity of heroes and lacks the participation of Gods. The movie will focus on the subject of human. A film about action-packed battles reveals the evil， good， right and wrong of humanity to the audiences. The Trojan War in the Greek mythology is obedient to God’s will， but the Trojan War in the movie is entirely from the humanity. Whether Agamemnon desires for territory or Paris pursues for beauty， the cause of these wars is selfishness and greed. The film’s embodiment of this point is extremely in place， and Agamemnon plainly expresses his attempt to king cerise， “I like your land.” When his brother Menelaus asks him to help recapture his wife， he behaves like weighting the brotherhood. In fact， he is very willing to attack the Troy. After finishing the first battle， Agamemnon delightfully accepts the tributary treasure from leaders of all states. What’s more， He sends people to rap Achilles’s trophy， Briseis， which intensifies the conflicts with Achilles. The “king of kings” doesn’t behave like the king， and he is more like a mercenary. Paris’s private ends are more catastrophic， so the country is defeated and the home lost. On the contrary， the Greek and Trojan heroes Achilles and Hector can be the model of reflecting family affection， love and friendship. The film doesn’t make audiences feel inexorability in the fight， but realizes the tenderness of humanity that makes people’s heart subtly shock. Achilles is good enough to serve as the first hero of the Greek. He is a person of great strengths on the battlefield. His care for female prisoner Briseis， his affection for his cousin Patrodus and his respect to king Priam add him richer humanization color. Hector’s image is perfectly reflected in the movie. He is fearless hero in the battlefield. In the family， he is a loving father， a faithful husband， a generous brother and a filial son. The greatness and the supreme good of humanity seem to roll up into one. When Hector is martyred in the front of his family and compatriots， the humanized performance and extremely tragic ending make the character more appealing and more realistic. Secondly， the movie gives a humanized interpret of characters’ fates. Unlike the Greek mythology， Troy made a very different arrangement on the ultimate fate of main characters. The fact that Hector is killed by Achilles conforms to the original plot. In the Homer’s Epics， Patrocles （the Greek warrior） commits suicide at the end of the Trojan War， but he is put to death by Hector’s sword in the movie. The king of Sparta， that is Helen’s ex-husband Menelaus， doesn’t die from the Trojan War， but he is killed by Hector in the movie. Because Hector puts mighty Patrocles and Menelaus to the sword， these endings make for establishing the heroic image of the Hector. As for the latter’s death， although Hector understands it will break two armies’ agreement and leads to the escalation of war， he won’t tolerate his brother is humiliated in front of him， even loses his life， which forces him to face the upcoming fate. Because the movie doesn’t exist Gods’ role， Achilles， the Greek hero， is shot to death by Paris instead of Apollo’s shoot， which makes Paris realize the shift from cowardice to bravery， from humiliation to dignity. The Troy in the Greek mythology was finally destroyed in the war. Trojans， including the royal families are either killed or become slaves of Greeks. The movie Troy makes arrangements on the final outcome in line with public expectations. A few Trojans， including Paris escape from the postern and survive. The scene makes audiences feel a little solace in sorrow and regret. Thirdly， the movie is a humanized appealing for war and peace. The main characters’ understanding and yearning toward peace are quite different in the movie. Priam， the king of Troy has been working for peace for many years. The beginning of story is that two princes of Troy as peace envoy go to Sparta. Because of their passion for peace， Menelaus （the king of Sparta） and Hector （the prince of Troy） think days of peace talk and feast will end years of the campaign between the two countries. However， the prospect for peace lasts for a short time. Romantic Paris leaves the responsibility of peace talk all behind him and spirits Helen， the queen of Sparta away. “I don’t want the peace. I only want you （Helen）.” In Paris’s eyes， hard-earned peace between the two countries is far less than the love of a married woman. His naive decision makes peace evaporate. The Mycenaean king Agamemnon has been a strangler of peace. During his reign， he always fights constantly， in his own words： “Only women and the weak pray for peace， all empires are the product of wars.” Whether the warmonger is killed by Boagrius or he dies in the hand of his betrayed wife， it is the consequences that he is wild about hegemony and war. On the whole， Troy is a movie of reflecting the war， but the movie embodies the war from the perspective of modern people. [5]The original Iliad describes the soldiers of two sides in the war as barbarians who kill people for the honor. On the contrary， Troy reflects human consciousness in the different position by means of exquisite expression， which not only shows the cause of power and desire in the war， but also praises the importance of familiar affection， love and friendship. Besides， it conveys people’s understanding of war in all aspects of humanity. What’s more， it reflects modern people’s consciousness of the war and yearning for a better life. Troy is a tragic epic. The movie brings the audiences is more spiritual enlightenment than the visual impact.
References：
[1] 荷馬.伊利亚特[M].陈中梅译.南京：译林出版社，2003.
[2] 杨永明.论西方文化中的人性维度[ J ].学术论坛，2007（10）：10-13.
[3] 斯威布.古希腊神话故事与传说[M].高中甫等译.北京：北京燕山出版社，2005.
[4]劉萍.从《伊利亚特》到《特洛伊》—经典重构之反思[J].外国文学，2008（03）.
[5] 梁国华，王朝辉.解析电影《特洛伊》的神话背景[J].电影文学，2008（02）.