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基本层次范畴理论是原型理论的重要组成部分,也是认知语言学的重要内容。客观世界本没有范畴,认知主体在主客观互动的基础上,对外界事体所做的主观概括和类属划分使其由自然无序变得对人有序。基本层次范畴是范畴系统中认知突显性最强的部分,以基本层次范畴为基础,范畴向上扩展形成上位范畴,向下扩展形成下位范畴。基本层次范畴理论指导着我们更好地认识和理解客观事体,对词汇翻译实践活动同样具有重要启示。本文对基本层次范畴理论进行了概述,并重点探讨了其对词汇翻译的启示,提出了三种翻译技巧:同级翻译,升级翻译和降级翻译。
The basic level theory is an important part of the prototype theory and an important part of cognitive linguistics. There are no categories in the objective world. On the basis of the subjective and objective interactions, the subjective generalization and the classification of the outside world by the cognitive subject make it change from natural disorder to human order. The basic level category is the strongest cognitive category in the category system. Based on the basic level category, the category expands upward to form the upper category, which expands downward to form the lower category. The theory of basic level categories guides us to better understand and understand the objective things, and it also has important enlightenment on the practice of lexical translation. This paper gives an overview of the theory of the basic level categories and focuses on its implications for lexical translation. Three translation techniques are proposed: translating at the same level, upgrading translators and downgrading translators.