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寡头统治铁律是政党的内生倾向。打破的根本途径在于制度化,以制度化保证竞争。新加坡人民行动党以制度保证开放性,抵消封闭性;打破更新下降铁律,建立自我更新机制;用政治征募的横向模式,打破纵向的升迁垄断;以伞状结构和自主自治,代替等级制和行政命令;党权移转到政府手中,党政关系趋于无形;用法治攻官僚“患失”软肋。人民行动党之所以能制度化,与国家系统的脆弱性、自由市场经济和制度性遗产、外部竞争有关。
Oligarchy rule is the endogenous tendency of political parties. The fundamental way to break down is institutionalization and institutionalization to ensure competition. Singapore’s People’s Action Party to ensure openness with the system, to offset the closed; breaking the iron rule to reduce the iron rule, the establishment of self-renewal mechanism; horizontal model of political recruitment to break the vertical monopoly of monopoly; umbrella structure and autonomy, instead of a hierarchical system and Administrative order; party power transferred to the hands of the government, the relationship between party and government tend to be intangible; use of the rule of bureaucracy “suffering ” weakness. The reason why the PAP is institutionalized is related to the fragility of the national system, the free market economy, the institutional legacy and the external competition.