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目的了解阳江市近年狂犬病的流行特征及其影响因素,为今后狂犬病防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集阳江市2001—2010年的疫情年报表、狂犬病个案调查表和疫点调查处理报告,对其进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2001—2010年全市共报告143例狂犬病,年发病率在0.04/10万～1.38/10万之间,年平均发病率为0.58/10万,发病率整体呈上升趋势。其中5—10月共89例,占病例总数的62.2%;阳春市、阳西县、阳东县分别占55.94%、21.68%、14.69%;男性、女性分别占65.03%、34.97%;15岁及以下、16～49岁、50岁及以上组分别占23.78%、25.87%、50.35%;农民、学生、散居儿童分别占63.64%、15.38%、8.39%。有明显的犬咬伤或抓伤史的133例,占93.01%;潜伏期中位数为53 d;143例病例中,只有5例及时正确处理伤口,无1例规范接种狂犬疫苗。结论阳江市近年狂犬病发病率呈上升趋势,必须加强犬类管理和免疫,持久深入开展防制狂犬病宣传工作,提高暴露后预防接种率。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of rabies and its influencing factors in recent years in Yangjiang City and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies in the future. Methods The annual epidemic situation report, rabies case investigation report and epidemic investigation report from 2001 to 2010 in Yangjiang were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 143 cases of rabies were reported in the city from 2001 to 2010. The annual incidence was between 0.04 / 100,000 and 1.38 / 100,000. The annual average incidence was 0.58 / 100,000. The overall incidence was on the rise. Among them, 89 cases were from May to October, accounting for 62.2% of the total cases; Yangchun, Yangxi and Yangdong accounted for 55.94%, 21.68% and 14.69% respectively; men and women accounted for 65.03% and 34.97% respectively; And below, accounting for 23.78%, 25.87% and 50.35% respectively in the age group of 16-49 and 50 years old and above. Peasants, students and scattered children accounted for 63.64%, 15.38% and 8.39% respectively. There were 133 cases with obvious history of bites or scratches, accounting for 93.01%. The median latency was 53 days. Of the 143 cases, only 5 cases were treated correctly and timely. No case of rabies vaccine was standardized. Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of rabies in Yangjiang City has been on an upward trend. Dog management and immunization needs to be strengthened. A long-term publicity campaign against rabies should be carried out to raise the vaccination rate after exposure.