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文章第一部分定义了“膨胀”的概念和讲述了“膨胀”在聚合物阻燃方面的应用历史。第二部分从化学、动力学以及数值模拟的角度来阐述材料燃烧过程中形成“膨胀”的基本原理。最后一部分通过一些实例来体现“膨胀”在材料阻燃中的实际应用。利用膨胀现象来对聚合物材料阻燃以及基材防火是一种非常有效的方法;而基材表面形成膨胀炭层能够起到抑制火蔓延、隔绝热质传递从而保护基材的作用;因此,发展协效剂(特别是一些纳米颗粒)对膨胀阻燃体系的协效作用是今后阻燃的重要方向。文章旨在通过对“膨胀”形成机理的阐述并列出一些“膨胀”阻燃的实例,希望能够对利用膨胀阻燃来制备阻燃聚合物以及制备阻燃隔层来保护基材的阻燃科研者有所帮助。
The first part of the article defines the concept of “expansion” and tells the history of the application of “expansion” in the field of polymer flame retardancy. In the second part, the basic principle of “expansion” in the combustion process of materials is explained from the aspects of chemistry, dynamics and numerical simulation. The last part through some examples to reflect “expansion ” in the material flame retardant practical application. It is a very effective way to use the expansion phenomenon to flame retardant the polymer material and to prevent the fire of the substrate. The formation of the expanded carbon layer on the surface of the substrate can play a role of inhibiting the fire spread, isolating the heat and mass transfer and protecting the substrate, The synergistic effect of developing synergist (especially some nano-particles) on the intumescent flame retardant system is an important direction of flame retardancy in the future. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the formation mechanism of “inflated ” and list some examples of “intumescent” flame retardants. It is hoped that the use of intumescent flame retardant to prepare flame retardant polymers and the preparation of flame retardant barrier to protect the base Flame retardant researchers have been helpful.