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在旱作条件下研究了一次深翻、免耕、深松和传统耕作4种耕作方式对冬小麦花后旗叶衰老、小麦籽粒产量及土壤水分和养分状况的影响.结果表明:免耕和深松提高了小麦旗叶SOD和POD活性及可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量,降低了MDA和O2.-含量,延缓了小麦叶片的衰老进程;同时,免耕、深松在开花期和灌浆期0～40cm土层土壤水分含量分别比传统耕作提高了4.13%、6.23%和5.50%、9.27%,土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于传统耕作.一次深翻0～40cm土层土壤水分含量低于传统耕作,土壤养分含量高于传统耕作,但两处理间差异不显著.与传统耕作相比,免耕和深松花后干物质生产量分别提高4.34%和4.76%,花后干物质转运率分别提高15.56%和13.51%,产量分别提高10.22%和9.26%.免耕和深松为冬小麦花后生长发育提供了良好的环境,延缓了小麦叶片衰老,促进了花后干物质积累及干物质向籽粒的转运,从而使籽粒产量显著提高,是旱作麦区适宜的耕作方式.
The effects of four tillage patterns of deep tillage, no-tillage, subsoiling and traditional tillage on post-anthesis flag leaf senescence, grain yield and soil moisture and nutrient status of winter wheat were studied under dry cultivation conditions.The results showed that no tillage and deep Pine increased the activities of SOD and POD, the contents of soluble protein and chlorophyll, the content of MDA and O2.- in wheat flag leaf, and delayed the senescence of wheat leaves. At the same time, the no-tillage and deep-plowing at the flowering and filling stages were 0-40 cm The soil moisture content in soil layer increased by 4.13%, 6.23% and 5.50%, 9.27%, respectively, compared with the traditional tillage, and the contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly higher than those of conventional tillage. Compared with the traditional tillage, the dry matter yield of no-tillage and deep-senescence increased by 4.34% and 4.76%, respectively, compared with the traditional tillage, The rate of material translocation increased by 15.56% and 13.51%, respectively, and the yield increased by 10.22% and 9.26% respectively.The no-tillage and subsoiling provided a good environment for the post-anthesis growth and development of winter wheat, delayed the senescence of wheat leaves and promoted the accumulation of post-anthesis dry matter And dry matter to Grain transport, so that grain yield increased significantly, is suitable for dry farming wheat cultivation methods.