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定罪与量刑,是刑罚适用的两个阶段,刑罚机制的合理运作包含合理定罪与合理量刑两个方面。相对于以犯罪构成为基础的定罪环节而言,法官在刑罚的裁量过程中具有更大的自由裁量空间,为了使量刑更具客观合理性,就应当对量刑标准、量刑时应当考虑的事实,即量刑因素进行研究,并对量刑过程予以一定规范。德国刑法第46条对量刑因素进行了规定,那么确立这些量刑因素的根据是什么?如何实现量刑因素在具体量刑过程中的应用?本文将以德国波恩州法院的一份关于故意杀人罪未遂的判决书为例,从具体案件出发,对各种量刑因素进行分析,并构建量刑因素在量刑过程中的具体应用过程,从而实现合理量刑。
Conviction and sentencing are two stages for the application of penalty. The reasonable operation of penalty mechanism includes two aspects: reasonable conviction and reasonable sentencing. Compared with the conviction part based on the constitution of crime, judges have more room for discretion in the process of punishment. In order to make the sentencing more objective and reasonable, the standard of sentencing, the facts that should be considered in sentencing, That is, the measurement of sentencing factors, and the sentencing process to be a certain standard. Article 46 of the German Criminal Law stipulates the sentencing factors, so what is the basis for establishing these sentencing factors? How to achieve the sentencing factor in the process of specific sentencing? This article will be a court in Bonn, Germany, an attempt on the crime of intentional homicide Judgment, for example, starting from a specific case, analyzes various factors of sentencing and constructs the specific application process of sentencing factors in sentencing in order to achieve a reasonable sentencing.