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理论解释世界的最完备状态是将世界描述为一个决定论的体系,而实践改变世界却必须以世界的可改变性即世界的非决定论为前提。马克思主义作为一种以改变世界为鹄的的理论,决定了它必然内含解释世界与改变世界、理论与实践之间的张力。能否认识到这一张力关系,并以某种方式加以妥当的处理,是马克思主义能否取得成功的关键问题。李大钊对于历史唯物主义的阐释,作为中国马克思主义的起源或开端之作所具有的本源性,正在于他清楚地认识到了这一张力的存在,而没有像其他理论家那样试图将之遮蔽。这一起源方式的效应至今并未消失,仍然规定着中国马克思主义发展所可能遭遇到的各种问题,这也意味着,未来之发展必须从最本源的地方再次开始,即不仅要返回开端所面临的本源性问题,而且还要有开端者在面对这一问题时所持的开放心态。
Theory explains that the most complete state of the world is to describe the world as a system of determinism, and that the practice of changing the world must be premised on the changeability of the world, that is, the indecisiveness of the world. As a theory of changing the world, Marxism determines that it inevitably contains the tension between explaining the world and changing the world, and between theory and practice. Whether or not we recognize this tension and properly handle it in some way is a key issue for the success of Marxism. The origin of Li Dazhao’s interpretation of historical materialism as the origin or beginning of Marxism in China lies in his clear cognition of the existence of this tension without the attempt of other theorists to shield it. The effect of this method of origin has not disappeared so far and still stipulates various problems that may be encountered in the development of Marxism in China. This also means that the development of the future must start from where it is the most fundamental, not only to return to the beginning But also the openness of the beginning when confronted with this issue.