托尼.莫里森曾经指出,美国黑人通过把自己的经历溶入音乐艺术的过程,将自己的文传统维持,传承并滋养着。她一直在自己的作品当中沿袭和联系黑人音乐的因素与技巧,坚持认为只有音乐才是她创作的源源不断的灵感来源。“呼应”是黑人文化中具有重要地位的元素之一。在非洲的传统中,呼应形式的歌唱手法起源于民间劳作的号子。早期的蓝调音乐沿袭了这一传统,以呼应为结构进行演奏。之后,呼应这一口头的文化传统,被广泛应用于黑人为自己的经济和政治权利斗争的演讲中。《爵士乐》的作者,诺贝尔奖文学获得者,托尼.莫里森, Tony Morrison once pointed out that Afro-Americans maintain, inherit and nourish their own literary tradition by integrating their own experience into the art of music. She has been following the elements and techniques of black music in her own work, insisting that only music is the steady source of inspiration for her creation. “Echoing” is one of the important elements of black culture. In African traditions, echoed forms of singing originated in the folk work of the trumpet. Early blues music followed that tradition, echoing the structure for performance. Echoing the verbal culture, it has since been widely used by blacks in their speeches on the struggle for economic and political rights. Author of Jazz, Nobel Prize winner, Tony Morrison,