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大豆脂肪酸组分及配比影响大豆油脂的营养价值和贮运加工环节,是决定大豆油脂品质的最重要因素。尽管品种的遗传特性决定着脂肪酸各组分含量高低,生态环境通过影响脂肪酸的积累动态,同样影响着脂肪酸的含量。以品质不同的3个大豆品种(系)为材料,研究了生长生殖期遮阴对大豆籽粒发育过程脂肪酸各组分积累动态的影响。遮阴显著降低了黑农35和垦农18成熟籽粒内的棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量(降幅达1.51%),并显著升高了亚油酸的含量(升幅达2.02%);与此相反,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量(升幅达1.01%),并显著降低了亚油酸含量(降幅达2.63%)。与对照相比,遮阴升高了海339大豆成熟籽粒内油酸含量(升幅达2.01%),但降低了黑农35成熟籽粒内油酸含量(降幅达1.72%),对垦农18成熟籽粒内油酸含量无影响。遮荫对大豆各脂肪酸组分含量动态的影响,因大豆品质和脂肪酸组分的不同而各异。开花后30 d是遮阴影响大豆籽粒内各脂肪酸组分积累的关键期,表明大豆群体过早郁闭将影响到大豆脂肪酸的品质,应根据不同品质大豆脂肪酸积累的生理特性确定合理的群体栽培管理措施。
Soybean fatty acid components and ratio affect the nutritional value of soybean oil and storage and transportation processes, is the most important factor in determining the quality of soybean oil. Although the genetic characteristics of varieties determine the level of fatty acid components, the ecological environment by affecting the dynamic accumulation of fatty acids, also affect the fatty acid content. The effects of shading during growth and reproductive phase on the accumulation of fatty acids in the process of soybean seed development were studied using three different soybean varieties (lines) with different quality. Shading significantly reduced the content of palmitic acid and stearic acid (down 1.51%) and significantly increased the content of linoleic acid (up to 2.02%) in mature grains of Heinong 35 and Kenong 18; with this In contrast, shading increased the palmitic and stearic acid content (up 1.01%) and decreased the linoleic acid content (down 2.63%) significantly in mature grains of Hai 339 soybean. Compared with the control, shading increased the content of oleic acid (up to 2.01%) in mature grain of Hai 339 soybean, but decreased the content of oleic acid (down 1.72%) in mature grain of Heinong 35, Oleic acid content in the grain had no effect. The effect of shading on the dynamic changes of the fatty acid components in soybean varies with the quality and fatty acid composition of the soybean. 30 d after flowering is the key period for shading to affect the accumulation of fatty acids in soybean grains, indicating that the premature canopy closure of soybean will affect the quality of soybean fatty acids, and should be based on the physiological characteristics of different quality soybean fatty acids accumulation to establish a reasonable population cultivation Management measures.