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在商品经济条件下,一些企业为了竞争的需要,在自主平等的基础上联合起来,逐步发展成为大的联合公司或跨国公司,这种以经营合作体制为特征的企业组织形态,一般称为企业集团。在西方经济发达国家,企业集团已经成为社会化大生产的有效组织形式。如美国的通用汽车公司、英国的太古集团公司以及日本的三菱集团、三井集团、住友集团等等。这些企业集团很多都是工业、商业合为一体,并有银行参加作后盾,通过互相持股凝聚在一起,构成实力非常雄厚的复合型大企业集团,在经济发展中有着举足轻重的地位。近年来,随着我国商品经济的发展,在横向经济联合的基础上,也陆续涌现出了一批企业集团。
Under the conditions of commodity economy, some companies have joined forces on the basis of independent and equal rights for the sake of competition, and have gradually developed into large conglomerates or transnational corporations. This type of organization characterized by the operating cooperation system is generally called the enterprise. group. In the western economically developed countries, enterprise groups have become an effective organizational form of socialized large-scale production. Such as the United States General Motors Corporation, the British Swire Group Corporation and Japan’s Mitsubishi Group, Mitsui Group, Sumitomo Group and so on. Many of these groups are industrial and commercial ones, and they are backed by banks. They hold each other’s shares together and form a large-scale, complex corporate group that has a strong position in economic development. In recent years, with the development of China’s commodity economy, a number of enterprise groups have emerged one after another on the basis of horizontal economic cooperation.