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对包围天线口径的近场球面的场分布进行抽样可以确定天线的幅射特性,然后再进行电磁变换就能确定远场方向图。在“球面探测”的测量方式中,用齿轮旋转装置(极角/方位旋转)来旋转未知天线,正如普通模拟试验中所用的那样。但是近场技术最适合于计算机数字处理。海上轨道试验通信卫星(MAROTS)程序所用的天线测量系统就是这种类型的运算装置。本文简要探讨近场球面探测的原理、最适分析方法的选择以及使用球面波展开的详细的数学公式推导。
A sampling of the field distribution of the near-field spheres surrounding the aperture of the antenna can determine the radiation characteristics of the antenna and then the far-field pattern can be determined by electromagnetic transformation. In the Spherical Probe measurement, rotate the unknown antenna with a gear rotation (polar / azimuth rotation), as used in normal simulation. But near-field technology is best suited for computer digital processing. Antenna measurement systems used in MAROTS programs are the type of computing device. This article briefly explores the principle of near-field sphericity detection, the selection of the most appropriate analytical method, and the derivation of detailed mathematical formulas using spherical wave expansion.