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摘 要:听写是一种传统教学手段,一直为广大高中英语教师所青睐,但如何让听写真正对学生的英语学习起到促进作用还是一个值得分析和探讨的问题。本文结合高中英语教学实践,从听写的内容,听写的频率,听写的批改形式三个方面浅谈在新课程背景下听写训练在高中英语教学中的应用。
关键词:高中英语;听写;词汇;短语;句子
Dictation in Senior High English Teaching
Xiao Xiao
No.1 Middle School of ShiMen in HuNan Province
Abstract: As one of the traditional teaching methods, dictation is popular with many English teachers. It is very important to make dictation effective. This article will discuss the application of dictation in senior high English teaching from content of dictation, frequency of dictation and correction of dictation.
Keywords: Senior High English; Dictation; Vocabulary; Expressions; Sentences
听写是高中英语教学中的传统教学手段之一,也是考查学生对所学知识的记忆,理解及掌握程度的手段之一,一直为广大英语教师所青睐,几乎每一个高中英语教师都有定期对学生进行听写的习惯,但如何让听写真正对学生的英语学习起到促进作用还是一个值得分析和探讨的问题。现结合高中英语教学实践,浅谈在新课程背景下听写训练在英语教学中的应用。
1.听写的内容
高中英语听写可以分为词汇听写,短语听写,句子听写以及语篇听写。大多数高中英语课堂所采用的听写仅仅局限于词汇和短语的听写,不能达到预期的效果。如果能把单词,短语和句子结合起来对学生对知识的掌握进行考查,效果会大不一样。首先,听写的内容不宜重复,不宜太多,可以根据对知识的不同掌握层次划分板块,单词部分主要考查识记性单词的写法,词性和意思,可以由老师念中文意思学生写出对应的单词和词性,或者老师念英文单词学生写出单词,词性和中文意思,也可以适当扩充写出其相关变形和常用搭配。短语听写主要是要求学生写出高考各题型中常见的短语和固定搭配,结合其本身的特点让学生根据中文意思写出短语或者听短语写中文意思均可。句子的听写是整个听写环节中的重点,老师可以从学习,生活,交流,理想等话题出发,把重点单词,常用短语以及语法结合起来创作有利于学生理解知识,提高阅读能力,写作能力的长难句子,听写时老师念中文让学生同步翻译,必要时提供关键词和句式,也可以句子挖空让学生填写关键部分,对于那些“含金量”高的句子还可以要求学生背下来并灵活运用于英语写作中。如:Students in our class are very hard-working, two thirds of them believing (believe) that competition is cruel, just like a war; those who fall behind are certain to be beaten (beat). 上面这个句子总共设计了四个空,第一空考查非谓语动词,第二个空考查介词,第三个空考查定语从句,第四个空考查certain的用法。目标很明确,给学生思考和分析句子机会,而且这个句子积极向上可以要求学生背诵下来运用到自己的文章中去。再如,It is known to us all that success depends (depend) on diligence. I get (get) up early every day to attend the first class which begins (begin) at 6:30 a.m. I do hope I can achieve my dream when I grow (grow) up.这个句子比较全面地体现了动词一般现在时的用法,第一空是客观真理,第二空是习惯性动作,第三空是时刻表上安排好的动作,第四空考查在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
2.听写的频率
听写的频率要根据学生自身的特点进行调整,可以分为日常听写和周期性听写两种,日常听写就是每天一次十分钟之内可完成的听写,以复习检查头一天所学的知识为主;以牛津高中英语Module2Unit1Reading[1]为例,这篇课文包含了二十一个新单词incident, due, alien, disappear, witness, spaceship, creature, flash, UFO, assume, construction, occur, aboard, possibility, detective, case, journalist, amazing, evidence, injury, dismiss. 九个重点短语step up, due to, show up, take charge of, make up, look into, wake up, get ready for, , put on. 五大重点句型Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.(全部倒装)The alien took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me.( so that引导目的状语从句) Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45p.m. (感官动词+宾语+宾补)When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists……(状语从句中省略主语的情况)While we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. ( While引导的让步状语从句)。在日常训练中则可以在以上内容中抽取十个相对重要的单词incident, disappear, witness, assume, construction, occur, aboard, detective, evidence, dismiss.五个重点短语due to, take charge of, make up, look into, put on. 和对五大句型进行考查1)On the wall hangs a map as well as some pictures. 2) The teacher raises her voice so that the students in the back can hear her. 3) I heard her singing when I passed by her window. 4) When cycling, don’t forget the traffic lights. 5) while he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 共计二十个考查点,每个五分,总分一百分。周期性听写可以是三天一次或者一周一次,每次大约20-30分钟,有针对性的对阶段性教学内容进行检测。周期性听写的内容就相对多一点了,整个单元有七十多个新单词,三十余个短语,还有十多个重点句型,所以听写内容就必须要有代表性,要选择那些高考高频词汇和常用的词组及句型,把它们整合成卡测系统的对学生进行考查。
3.听写的批改
每一次听写都要批改,但是批改方式是很灵活的,根据听写的难度或者容量的不同选择学生自评,学生互评,老师抽查或者老师全员批改的形式。不管选择什么样的方式,老师都应该及时准确地掌握学生的听写情况,对易错点反复进行考查,帮助学生牢固掌握知识。
每次听写结束后教师都要全面了解和掌握学生的整体情况和个体情况,要有针对性地对相关知识进行强调和巩固,帮助那些知识掌握得不够好的学生落实。
总之,英语听写在高中英语教学中是非常重要的一个手段和环节,合理安排其内容并有规律有针对性的对学生进行听写训练对学生的识记,理解和应用知识的能力有大大的提升作用,值得我们高中英语教师在今后的教学过程中不断探索和改进。
参考文献
牛津高中Module2Unit1 Reading Boy missing, police puzzled
关键词:高中英语;听写;词汇;短语;句子
Dictation in Senior High English Teaching
Xiao Xiao
No.1 Middle School of ShiMen in HuNan Province
Abstract: As one of the traditional teaching methods, dictation is popular with many English teachers. It is very important to make dictation effective. This article will discuss the application of dictation in senior high English teaching from content of dictation, frequency of dictation and correction of dictation.
Keywords: Senior High English; Dictation; Vocabulary; Expressions; Sentences
听写是高中英语教学中的传统教学手段之一,也是考查学生对所学知识的记忆,理解及掌握程度的手段之一,一直为广大英语教师所青睐,几乎每一个高中英语教师都有定期对学生进行听写的习惯,但如何让听写真正对学生的英语学习起到促进作用还是一个值得分析和探讨的问题。现结合高中英语教学实践,浅谈在新课程背景下听写训练在英语教学中的应用。
1.听写的内容
高中英语听写可以分为词汇听写,短语听写,句子听写以及语篇听写。大多数高中英语课堂所采用的听写仅仅局限于词汇和短语的听写,不能达到预期的效果。如果能把单词,短语和句子结合起来对学生对知识的掌握进行考查,效果会大不一样。首先,听写的内容不宜重复,不宜太多,可以根据对知识的不同掌握层次划分板块,单词部分主要考查识记性单词的写法,词性和意思,可以由老师念中文意思学生写出对应的单词和词性,或者老师念英文单词学生写出单词,词性和中文意思,也可以适当扩充写出其相关变形和常用搭配。短语听写主要是要求学生写出高考各题型中常见的短语和固定搭配,结合其本身的特点让学生根据中文意思写出短语或者听短语写中文意思均可。句子的听写是整个听写环节中的重点,老师可以从学习,生活,交流,理想等话题出发,把重点单词,常用短语以及语法结合起来创作有利于学生理解知识,提高阅读能力,写作能力的长难句子,听写时老师念中文让学生同步翻译,必要时提供关键词和句式,也可以句子挖空让学生填写关键部分,对于那些“含金量”高的句子还可以要求学生背下来并灵活运用于英语写作中。如:Students in our class are very hard-working, two thirds of them believing (believe) that competition is cruel, just like a war; those who fall behind are certain to be beaten (beat). 上面这个句子总共设计了四个空,第一空考查非谓语动词,第二个空考查介词,第三个空考查定语从句,第四个空考查certain的用法。目标很明确,给学生思考和分析句子机会,而且这个句子积极向上可以要求学生背诵下来运用到自己的文章中去。再如,It is known to us all that success depends (depend) on diligence. I get (get) up early every day to attend the first class which begins (begin) at 6:30 a.m. I do hope I can achieve my dream when I grow (grow) up.这个句子比较全面地体现了动词一般现在时的用法,第一空是客观真理,第二空是习惯性动作,第三空是时刻表上安排好的动作,第四空考查在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
2.听写的频率
听写的频率要根据学生自身的特点进行调整,可以分为日常听写和周期性听写两种,日常听写就是每天一次十分钟之内可完成的听写,以复习检查头一天所学的知识为主;以牛津高中英语Module2Unit1Reading[1]为例,这篇课文包含了二十一个新单词incident, due, alien, disappear, witness, spaceship, creature, flash, UFO, assume, construction, occur, aboard, possibility, detective, case, journalist, amazing, evidence, injury, dismiss. 九个重点短语step up, due to, show up, take charge of, make up, look into, wake up, get ready for, , put on. 五大重点句型Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.(全部倒装)The alien took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me.( so that引导目的状语从句) Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10:45p.m. (感官动词+宾语+宾补)When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists……(状语从句中省略主语的情况)While we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. ( While引导的让步状语从句)。在日常训练中则可以在以上内容中抽取十个相对重要的单词incident, disappear, witness, assume, construction, occur, aboard, detective, evidence, dismiss.五个重点短语due to, take charge of, make up, look into, put on. 和对五大句型进行考查1)On the wall hangs a map as well as some pictures. 2) The teacher raises her voice so that the students in the back can hear her. 3) I heard her singing when I passed by her window. 4) When cycling, don’t forget the traffic lights. 5) while he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 共计二十个考查点,每个五分,总分一百分。周期性听写可以是三天一次或者一周一次,每次大约20-30分钟,有针对性的对阶段性教学内容进行检测。周期性听写的内容就相对多一点了,整个单元有七十多个新单词,三十余个短语,还有十多个重点句型,所以听写内容就必须要有代表性,要选择那些高考高频词汇和常用的词组及句型,把它们整合成卡测系统的对学生进行考查。
3.听写的批改
每一次听写都要批改,但是批改方式是很灵活的,根据听写的难度或者容量的不同选择学生自评,学生互评,老师抽查或者老师全员批改的形式。不管选择什么样的方式,老师都应该及时准确地掌握学生的听写情况,对易错点反复进行考查,帮助学生牢固掌握知识。
每次听写结束后教师都要全面了解和掌握学生的整体情况和个体情况,要有针对性地对相关知识进行强调和巩固,帮助那些知识掌握得不够好的学生落实。
总之,英语听写在高中英语教学中是非常重要的一个手段和环节,合理安排其内容并有规律有针对性的对学生进行听写训练对学生的识记,理解和应用知识的能力有大大的提升作用,值得我们高中英语教师在今后的教学过程中不断探索和改进。
参考文献
牛津高中Module2Unit1 Reading Boy missing, police puzzled