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1. help v. 帮助;援助
help是一个及物动词,后面可接名词或代词,也常用于help sb. (to) do sth.或help sb. with sth.结构,意为“帮助某人做某事”。eg:
Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗?
Can you help me do my homework?
=Can you help me with my homework? 你能帮我做作业吗?
拓展:help也可用作名词,意为“帮助”。eg:
Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
2. come v. 来;到来
come指行动过程,与go相对应。它是不及物动词,接宾语时要跟不同的介词。“come to+地点名词”意为“来到某地”,但接副词时不用加to;“come from+地点名词”意为“来自于某地”;come接动词不定式,即“come to do sth.”意为“来做某事”。eg:
Please come to the blackboard. 请到黑板前来。
Come here. 过来
Jim comes from England. 吉姆来自英格兰。
I come to take my ball. 我来取我的球。
3. buy v. 购买;买
buy与by, bye同音,buy的过去式、过去分词分别为bought, bought。buy的反义词为sell。用作及物动词时,常与介词from搭配;也可接双宾语:buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.。eg:
I bought this watch from that shop. 这块手表是我从那家商店买的。
My father bought me a new computer.
=My father bought a new computer for me. 我爸爸给我买了一台新电脑。
4. anybody pron. 任何人
anybody是由“any+body”构成的复合不定代词,相当于anyone。通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。作主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。被形容词修饰时,形容词要放在复合不定代词的后面。eg:
Is anybody here? 这儿有人吗?
I can’t see anybody else there. 我没看见其他任何人在那儿。
5. sell v. 卖;销售
sell用作及物动词,可接双宾语,即“sell+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“sell+直接宾语+to+间接宾语”。eg:
I sold my cousin my car for 5,000 yuan.
=I sold my car to my cousin for 5,000 yuan. 我以5000元的价格把我的车卖给了我表弟。
固定搭配:sell out意为“卖完,售完”。eg:
The shop sold out all their pants. 那家商店的裤子卖光了。
6. price n. 价格,价钱
at a very good price意为“以合理的价格(出售)”。当与of连用(the price of…)时,表示“……的价格”;要表示“某物在……价位上”常用短语at a…price,但表示价格“高低”时,则用high与low,而不能用expensive或cheap;当询问某物多少钱时,则用句型“What’s the price of…?”,相当于“How much+be+主语?”。eg:
What’s the price of the watch?=How much is the watch? 这块表多少钱?
The price of the MP5 is high.=The MP5 is very expensive. 这个MP5很贵。
7. each
each在英语中很活跃,有副词、代词和形容词三种词性,意为“每个,各个”。
⑴作副词时,意为“各个地”。eg:
These flowers are 5 yuan each. 这些花每朵5元。
⑵each作代词,意为“每个,各自”,既可以指人,也可以指物。并且常与of连用,of后面可接代词的宾格,也可接可数名词复数形式。each of…作主语时,一般被看作单数。eg:
Each of the students is wearing a white T-shirt. 每一名学生都穿着白色的T恤衫。
⑶each作形容词时,意为“各自的,每”,修饰可数名词单数形式。eg:
There are many trees on each side of the street. 在街道的两边有许多树。
Each boy has an apple.=Each of the boys has an apple. 每个男孩都有一个苹果。
8. afford v. 买得起,担负得起
⑴通常与can, could, be able to连用,尤用于否定句或疑问句中。eg:
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
Can we afford a new car? 我们能买得起一辆新车吗?
⑵afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。eg:
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
⑶afford 一般只能用于抽象事物,表示“给予”或“供给”、“提供”,后面常接双宾语,即afford+间接宾语+直接宾语。eg:
This afforded me a chance to find a job. 这给了我一个找工作的机会。
I can’t afford my wife too much pleasure. 我给不了我妻子太多的乐趣。
注意:①当把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前时,要在间接宾语前加to。eg:
Reading affords pleasure to many people. 阅读给许多人带来乐趣。
②afford 不能用于被动语态。
9. speech n. 演说;讲演;说话;言论
常用短语give a speech/make a speech,意为“做报告,做演讲”。eg:
The headmaster gave a speech about good manners to the whole school.
校长就礼貌问题向全校发表了演说。
10. party n. 聚会;晚会
party指社交的舞会、聚会,短语give a party意为“举办聚会”。eg:
Robin gave a party while his parents were away. 罗宾趁他父母不在家举行了一次聚会。
Would you like to come to my birthday party? 来参加我的生日聚会好吗?
拓展:party用作名词,还可意为“党;党派”。eg:
My brother joined the Party last year. 我哥哥去年入党了。
11. trip n. 旅途;观光旅行(常指短程)
常指短途的游玩或有特别目的的旅行,通常为往返的。常用短语:a trip to…意为“去……旅行”,make a trip/go on a trip/take a trip“去旅游”。eg:
I enjoyed our trip to the seaside. 我很喜欢那次到海边的旅行。
We are thinking of taking a trip to the mountains. 我们正在考虑去山里旅行一趟。
help是一个及物动词,后面可接名词或代词,也常用于help sb. (to) do sth.或help sb. with sth.结构,意为“帮助某人做某事”。eg:
Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗?
Can you help me do my homework?
=Can you help me with my homework? 你能帮我做作业吗?
拓展:help也可用作名词,意为“帮助”。eg:
Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
2. come v. 来;到来
come指行动过程,与go相对应。它是不及物动词,接宾语时要跟不同的介词。“come to+地点名词”意为“来到某地”,但接副词时不用加to;“come from+地点名词”意为“来自于某地”;come接动词不定式,即“come to do sth.”意为“来做某事”。eg:
Please come to the blackboard. 请到黑板前来。
Come here. 过来
Jim comes from England. 吉姆来自英格兰。
I come to take my ball. 我来取我的球。
3. buy v. 购买;买
buy与by, bye同音,buy的过去式、过去分词分别为bought, bought。buy的反义词为sell。用作及物动词时,常与介词from搭配;也可接双宾语:buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.。eg:
I bought this watch from that shop. 这块手表是我从那家商店买的。
My father bought me a new computer.
=My father bought a new computer for me. 我爸爸给我买了一台新电脑。
4. anybody pron. 任何人
anybody是由“any+body”构成的复合不定代词,相当于anyone。通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。作主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。被形容词修饰时,形容词要放在复合不定代词的后面。eg:
Is anybody here? 这儿有人吗?
I can’t see anybody else there. 我没看见其他任何人在那儿。
5. sell v. 卖;销售
sell用作及物动词,可接双宾语,即“sell+间接宾语+直接宾语”或“sell+直接宾语+to+间接宾语”。eg:
I sold my cousin my car for 5,000 yuan.
=I sold my car to my cousin for 5,000 yuan. 我以5000元的价格把我的车卖给了我表弟。
固定搭配:sell out意为“卖完,售完”。eg:
The shop sold out all their pants. 那家商店的裤子卖光了。
6. price n. 价格,价钱
at a very good price意为“以合理的价格(出售)”。当与of连用(the price of…)时,表示“……的价格”;要表示“某物在……价位上”常用短语at a…price,但表示价格“高低”时,则用high与low,而不能用expensive或cheap;当询问某物多少钱时,则用句型“What’s the price of…?”,相当于“How much+be+主语?”。eg:
What’s the price of the watch?=How much is the watch? 这块表多少钱?
The price of the MP5 is high.=The MP5 is very expensive. 这个MP5很贵。
7. each
each在英语中很活跃,有副词、代词和形容词三种词性,意为“每个,各个”。
⑴作副词时,意为“各个地”。eg:
These flowers are 5 yuan each. 这些花每朵5元。
⑵each作代词,意为“每个,各自”,既可以指人,也可以指物。并且常与of连用,of后面可接代词的宾格,也可接可数名词复数形式。each of…作主语时,一般被看作单数。eg:
Each of the students is wearing a white T-shirt. 每一名学生都穿着白色的T恤衫。
⑶each作形容词时,意为“各自的,每”,修饰可数名词单数形式。eg:
There are many trees on each side of the street. 在街道的两边有许多树。
Each boy has an apple.=Each of the boys has an apple. 每个男孩都有一个苹果。
8. afford v. 买得起,担负得起
⑴通常与can, could, be able to连用,尤用于否定句或疑问句中。eg:
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
Can we afford a new car? 我们能买得起一辆新车吗?
⑵afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。eg:
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
⑶afford 一般只能用于抽象事物,表示“给予”或“供给”、“提供”,后面常接双宾语,即afford+间接宾语+直接宾语。eg:
This afforded me a chance to find a job. 这给了我一个找工作的机会。
I can’t afford my wife too much pleasure. 我给不了我妻子太多的乐趣。
注意:①当把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前时,要在间接宾语前加to。eg:
Reading affords pleasure to many people. 阅读给许多人带来乐趣。
②afford 不能用于被动语态。
9. speech n. 演说;讲演;说话;言论
常用短语give a speech/make a speech,意为“做报告,做演讲”。eg:
The headmaster gave a speech about good manners to the whole school.
校长就礼貌问题向全校发表了演说。
10. party n. 聚会;晚会
party指社交的舞会、聚会,短语give a party意为“举办聚会”。eg:
Robin gave a party while his parents were away. 罗宾趁他父母不在家举行了一次聚会。
Would you like to come to my birthday party? 来参加我的生日聚会好吗?
拓展:party用作名词,还可意为“党;党派”。eg:
My brother joined the Party last year. 我哥哥去年入党了。
11. trip n. 旅途;观光旅行(常指短程)
常指短途的游玩或有特别目的的旅行,通常为往返的。常用短语:a trip to…意为“去……旅行”,make a trip/go on a trip/take a trip“去旅游”。eg:
I enjoyed our trip to the seaside. 我很喜欢那次到海边的旅行。
We are thinking of taking a trip to the mountains. 我们正在考虑去山里旅行一趟。