一、引论新近的语言逻辑学表明,定义不只揭示语词的内涵,它也揭示语词的外延。定义理论在中外众多哲学家眼中,因为定义对象问题不同而存在着三种主要的观点:一是如亚里士多德的观点,他认为事物真正的定义除了包括与表达被定义事物的本质外,再也不包括或表达任何东面;二是如维特根斯坦的观点,他认为定义涉及语言符号,是一个关于某个新引入符号或符号组合的陈述,表示与某个其意义已知的符号组合具有相同的意义;三是如康德的观点,他认为定义是在概念的范围内,提供完整的、原初的概念。世界是为主体存在的,这意味着定义构建作为认识对象的世界,在 I. Introduction The recent linguistic logic shows that definitions not only reveal the connotation of words but also reveal the extension of words. In the eyes of many Chinese and foreign philosophers, there are three main views because of the difference of the definition objects. One is Aristotle’s view. He believes that the true definition of things besides the essence of including and expressing the defined things And no longer includes or expresses any east; Second, as Wittgenstein’s point of view, he believes that the definition of linguistic symbols involved, is a statement about a newly introduced symbols or combination of symbols, said with some of its significance is known Symbol combinations have the same meaning; third, as Kant’s point of view, he believes that definitions are within the concept of providing a complete, original concept. The world exists for the subject, which means defining the world as the object of cognition