suppose用法例析

来源 :阅读与作文(英语高中版) | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:gf930
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
   suppose一词于15世纪初期进入英语,直接源自古法语的supposer,意为“假设”。在当代美语语料库( Corpus of Contemporary American English)的词频统计中,suppose处于第2180位,是常用英语词汇。在英国大文豪莎士比亚的悲剧《特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德》(Troilus andCressida)中,特洛伊战争(Trojan War)希腊军队统帅阿伽门农(Agamemnon)对希腊王子说道:“Nor, princes, is it matter new to us/That we come short of our suppose so far/That afterseven years’ siege yet Troy walls stand.”此处的suppose用其本意“假设”,表示长达七年的围攻之后仍未能攻破特洛伊,远超出其预期( come short of our suppose)。
   在日常英语中,suppose的使用比较灵活,也是高考的常考词汇。下面我们主要从语法结构的角度对suppose的用法做一个全面的梳理。
   一、suppose后接宾语从句
   1.You don’t suppose (that) they forgot about meeting us.do you?你不会觉得他们忘了要和我们见面吧?(suppose后接宾语从句)
   2.I don’t suppose for a minute that he’ll agree.我认为他根本就不会同意。(此处suppose用法与think、believe等相近,宾语从句中的否定意义转移到主句)
   3.We don’t suppose he will pay,will he?我们认为他不会付钱,是不是?(反意疑问句与宾语从句保持一致)
   4.-Will you be going with them? -Yes,I suppose so.——你会和他们去吗?——我想我会。(suppose用于简略答语中,so代替了一个肯定的宾语从句,意为“我想是这样的”。)
   5.-I’m not sure if she is coming. -I suppose not.——我不確定她来不来。——我猜她不来。 (not代替一个否定的宾语从句,意为“我想不会”。)
   6. We had supposed that we would be able to see more of Stratford-upon-Avon, but time didnot permit,我们本打算多参观一会莎士比亚的故乡的,但时间不允许。(had supposed通常表示“未曾实现的愿望”,意为“本来打算”,hope、expect、mean、.intend等词也有相似的用法。)
   二、suppose后接宾补结构
   1.Everyone supposes him to be poor,but actually he is very rich.所有人都以为他很穷,但实际上他很有钱。(动词不定式或形容词作宾补)
   2.I suppose these cultural relics(文物)to have been lost during the war.我为文物是在战时丢失的。(suppose引导宾补结构)
   3.I suppose it my duty to help those in poverty.我认为帮助穷人是我的职责。(名词作宾补)
   4. The zoologists suppose the escaped puma still in the countrvside, where it is easier for itto prey.动物学家认为逃跑的美洲豹仍然游荡在乡村。(介词短语作宾补)
   三、短语be supposed to的用法
   be supposed to后接动词原形。主语为人时,意为“应该、被期望”,可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等意思;主语为物时,意为“本应、本该”,用来表示某事本应该发生而没有发生;该短语还可以用来表示“被认为是、被相信是”。请看例句:
   1.When employees do what they are supposed to do,then reward them for it.当员工出做了自己应该做的事,那就奖励他们。
   2.You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你本该一小时前到这儿。
   3.Student aren’t supposed to take the books out of the library.学生不得将图书带出图书馆。(be not supposed to用来表示委婉的禁止)
   4.The train is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago。火车本该一小时前就到的。(此处的be supposed to have done相当于should have done,表示“过去本该做的事实际上未做”)
   5.The Jews are supposed to be born merchants.犹太人被认为是天生的商人。
   四、suppose用作插入语
   口语表达中,do you suppose常用作插入语,用于引出他人观点。例如:
   1.What do you suppose made her change her mind?你猜是什么让她改变注意了?    2.When do you suppose shall we call him again?你觉得我们什么时候可以再给他打电话?
   I suppose也可用作插入语,表示说话者的态度或看法,常置于句中和句末。例如:
   1.You don’t mind my smoking here, I suppose.我想你不会介意我抽烟吧?
   2.These weight-loss pills, I suppose, cost most of her salary.我猜这些减肥药花了她大部分工资。
   五、suppose用作介词
   suppose还可用作介词,等同于supposing,可表示提出建议或请求,也可表示某种假定,意为“如果,假设”。例如:
   1. Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because youoften deal with foreign businessmen.假设你在一家大公司工作,发现英语很重要,因为你经常都与外国商人打交道。(该句来自2014上海英语高考阅读理解部分,suppose表示“假定……”)
   2. Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?如果我们误了火车,我们将怎么办?
   3. Supposing (that) something should go wrong, what would you do then?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?
   六、suppose与expect的区别
   先来看一道高考题:
   -Does this meal cost $50?
   I____something far better than this.
   A. prefer
   B. expect
   C. suggest
   D. suppose
   正確答案是B。相比而言,suppose表示“假设、猜想”,expect表示“期待”。从语境看,题干的意思是说:说话者认为这顿饭不值50美元,他本期望这顿饭会比现在吃的要好,言下之意,就是他对这餐饭不满意。
   练一练:选择题
   1.-You should apologize to her, Barry.
   -________, but it’s not going to be easy.
   A. I suppose so
   B. I feel so
   C. I prefer to
   D. I like to
   2. 1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ________?
   A. do I
   B. don’t I
   C. will they
   D. won’t they
   3. Suppose he________the truth, how shall we deal with him?
   A. won’t tell
   B. didn’t tell
   C. doesn’t tell
   D. hadn’t told
   4. The professor also mentioned an article________by Lu Xun.
   A. supposed to have been written
   B. supposed to be writing
   C. supposing to have been written
   D. supposing to be written
   5. -You________part in the party in time.
   -Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.
   A. are supposed to take
   B. have supposed to take
   C. are supposed to have taken
   D. supposed to take
   6. He was supposed________a collegegraduate but he knew nothing of history.
   A. to be
   B. being
   C. to have been
   D. having been
   7. If you go to Xi’an, you’ll find the placesthere more magnificent than commonly
   A. supposing
   B. supposed
   C. to suppose
   D. suppose
  
  答案:1.A;2.C;3.C;4.A;5.C;6.A;7.B
其他文献
Since I can remember, it’s been just my mom and me at home, except on weekends and holidays when I visit my dad. Sometimes my mom and I are best friends. At other times, we argue over simple things li
This morning I picked golden plums straight from the trees in my back garden. A guilty pleasure; I didn’t plant the trees, they require little care, and they are free. But they are loved.  Home, now,
有人说,我们每个人的心里都住着一个魔鬼。然而如果我们能够控制好自己的心,魔鬼是不会出来作恶的,毕竟我们的心里还住着一位天使。接下来我们就来聊聊魔鬼的短语吧。  Many expressions in American English come from the world of religion. Some common idioms are based on high, religious id
不定式是高中英语三种非谓语动词形式之一。它主要有两种形式:带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。不定式具有动词的一些特征,有时态和语态的变化,见下表:   1. 作主语,如:   To see is to believe.眼见为实。   不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语(不定式结构)放在句子的后面。如:   It’s necessary to lock the car when
在《围城》中,方鸿渐无疑是那种带着玩世的态度处世又有点良心的知识分子。在买假文凭这件事上,他也曾内心斗争过,可最后还是虚荣心战胜了良心,他想做个大人物,用光鲜的文凭不仅可以掩饰自己颓废沉沦的留学生活,又在众人面前面子十足;他还想要光耀门楣……这些“好处”似乎能对得起所有人,所以觉得不做倒是件蠢事了。可归国后种种捉襟见肘的行径下的“苦味”,或许只有自己知道。假戏真做,感觉他活得好累。  美国社会学家
It is almost two decades to the day since Paul Rudd first came to public attention and two things about him have remained unchanged since. The first, most obviously, is his face. Save for some faint l
在为孩子选择留学学校时,不少家长倾向于选择寄宿制学校,觉得学校管理更为系统,有利于孩子适应当地生活,规范生活。但是在美国,私立寄宿制学校非常有限,而中国学生人数已经饱和,那么家长和同学们不妨来选择走读高中。要如何判断走读学校的好坏呢?专家建议不妨从:学生的SAT成绩、师生比、学校硬件设施、中国学生比例、招生要求等环节来进行参考。   全美有大约300所私立寄宿学校。3000多所私立走读学校,其中
编者注:你想成功吗?那你就得在意“一点点”。很多微不足道的一点点,会让一个人获得最大的成功。每天比别人多记一个单词——非常微不足道的一点点,一年后你就会比别人多记300多个单词,若坚持几年或更长时间,其结果就不止是用一点点来表达了。做任何事情都是如此,所谓“不积跬步无以至千里”。   Today is an excellent day for making small changes and i
Jose: Hey Martina, how’s the job hunt going so far?  Martina: It’s tough. I’m starting to come to a hard realization that I’m gonna have to settle for a job that I’m vastly overqualified for.  Jose: Y
不定式仍具有動词特性,有语态形式,分主动和被动两种,是动词语态考查的最高境界。究竟该选用何种形式一直困扰着广大考生。不定式语态的选择最终取决于不定式与修饰(作用)对象之间的关系以及不定式动作的实际执行者,二者缺一不可。现探讨如下:   一、分析不定式与修饰(作用)对象之间的关系   不定式与某一对象存在不同关系,依据关系选择不定式语态是解决问题的突破口。包括:   动宾关系   某一名词是