纳米颗粒,即尺寸为纳米级(一般在1-100 nm之间),处在原子簇和微尺度物体过渡区域内的粒子,又称超微颗粒,一般都是人工合成的产物。蛋白质是人类生命活动最重要的物质基础,是构成一切细胞和组织结构必不可少的成分,但从本质上出发,它是一类具有生物活性的有机生物高分子。两者看似属于不同的科学范畴,但是近十年来的研究发现,纳米颗粒和蛋白质在很多方面具有惊人的相似,例如尺寸、结构、电荷、表面化学组成、分子间相互作用力等。本文将通过一些实例,从不同角度阐述纳米颗粒和蛋白质之间的异同及相互联系。 Nanoparticles, which are nanoscale (typically between 1 and 100 nm) in size, are located within the transition region of clusters and microscale objects, also known as ultrafine particles, and are generally synthetic products. Proteins are the most important material basis for human life activities and constitute an essential component of all cell and tissue structures. However, in essence, proteins are a class of bioactive organic polymers. Both appear to belong to different scientific categories, but studies over the last decade have found striking similarities in many aspects between nanoparticles and proteins such as size, structure, charge, surface chemistry, intermolecular interactions, and the like. In this paper, we will elaborate on the similarities and differences between nanoparticles and proteins from different perspectives through some examples.