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观察布朗运动,是高中物理分子学中的一个重要实验。通常用分子运动模拟演示器来做实验,或用显微镜来直接观察分子的布朗运动,这两种实验方法都有不足之处。通过反复试验,我觉得用氦氖激光器作光源演示布朗运动,实验效果较好,实验装置见附图。取方形玻璃水槽一个(容积200mL左右),装上水,再加少许浆糊(或米汤),用棒搅拌均匀。浆糊不能太多,以激光能够穿过为宜。在水槽和墙之间放一个焦距为3～4cm的凸透镜,激光器放在水槽的另一侧。调节激光器、水槽、透镜三者的位置,使激光束能依次穿过水槽和透镜
Observing the Brown Movement is an important experiment in the physical science of high school. The molecular motion simulation demonstrator is usually used for experiments, or the microscope is used to directly observe the Brownian motion of the molecules. Both experimental methods have disadvantages. Through trial and error, I think that using a He-Ne laser as a light source demonstrates Brownian motion. The experimental results are good. The experimental apparatus is shown in the attached drawing. Take a square glass sink (volume about 200mL), put on water, add a little paste (or rice soup), stir with a rod. Paste can not be too much, it is appropriate to pass through the laser. A convex lens with a focal length of 3-4 cm is placed between the sink and the wall, and the laser is placed on the other side of the sink. Adjust the position of the laser, sink, and lens so that the laser beam passes through the sink and lens in sequence