遗传差异是杂种优势形成的基础。因此将亲本按遗传差异分群就有可能配出强优势的组合。目前 ,作物杂种优势群己在玉米、小麦上有了一些研究 ,水稻方面也开始了优势生态型的研究。本文简述了几种以遗传差异为标准的杂种优势群的构建方法 ,如根据系谱关系、形态形状、分子标记等来评价亲本间的遗传差异 ,并认为分子标记是一种更有效的工具 ,水稻生产迫切要求在杂种优势利用途径上有所突破 ,水稻优势生态型值得进一步研究 Genetic differences are the basis for the formation of heterosis. Therefore, it is possible for the parents to be grouped by their strong genetic predisposition according to their genetic differences. At present, the crop heterotic group has made some research on corn and wheat, and the rice has begun to study the dominant ecotypes. In this paper, several methods to construct heterotic groups based on genetic differences are briefly described. For example, based on pedigree relationship, morphological shape and molecular markers, the genetic differences among parents are evaluated and molecular markers are considered as a more effective tool. Rice production urgently requires a breakthrough in the utilization of heterosis, and the dominant ecological type of rice deserves further study