无衬砌黄土洞室居住建筑(即窖洞),在我国西北、华北西部等地很多。拱顶一般为半圆或近椭圆曲线,正面有门窗。窑净宽B一般3～4米,进深一般5～8米,两侧竖壁或隔墙(有的叫平装),高约1.5～2.5米。这种洞室建筑,一般是依山就势开凿,室内火炕或灶台的烟囱穿过窑顶土层通向室外。 窑洞冬暖夏凉,舒适方便,就地取材,造价低廉。从久远的历史 The unlined loess cave dwellings (that is, pits) are many in the northwest of China and the western part of North China. The dome is generally semi-circular or near-elliptic, with doors and windows on the front. Kiln net width B is generally 3 to 4 meters, depth is generally 5 to 8 meters, vertical walls or partitions on both sides (some called paperback), about 1.5 to 2.5 meters high. This kind of cave building is generally built on the mountain. The chimney in the room or the stove chimney passes through the kiln top soil layer and leads to the outside. The caves are warm in winter and cool in summer, comfortable and convenient, and they are made on the spot with low cost. From the long history