玻璃是一种特殊的物质形态,具有很多特殊性质。关于玻璃的构造问题,久已成为研究的目标。早期有些化学家企图把玻璃解释成一些具有固定成分的硅酸盐所组成的东西。但这种企图失败了。而且,从今天的化学键理论看来,给玻璃定分子式根本是没有意义的事。于是,大家认为玻璃乃是其中各种离子(例如SiO_4~(4-),Ca~(++),Na~+等)杂乱地组成的非结晶状物质。某些美国的化学家根本否认玻璃构造中有任何秩序、成分固定的化合物和结晶组织存在。但是苏联的化学家却从理论上,从实验上得到相反的结论。由精密的近代测量方法,可以得到很多材料,证明玻璃之中有结晶构造的固定成分的化合物存在。1949年土德罗夫斯基 Glass is a special kind of material that has many special properties. The issue of the construction of glass has long been the subject of research. Some early chemists attempted to interpret the glass as something composed of fixed-component silicates. But this attempt failed. Moreover, judging from today’s chemical bond theory, it is meaningless to give the glass a fixed molecular formula. Therefore, glass is considered to be one of the various ions (such as SiO 4 - (4 -), Ca ~ (++), Na ~ +, etc.) composed of non-crystalline substances. Some American chemists simply deny that there is any order, fixed composition of compounds and crystalline structures in the glass structure. But Soviet chemists, theoretically, experimentally obtained the opposite conclusion. From sophisticated modern measurement methods, many materials are available that demonstrate the presence of compounds with a fixed composition of crystalline structures in the glass. 1949 Todorowski