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为缓解日益严重的交通拥堵及其带来的环境问题,中国很多城市开始发展轨道交通系统.但是轨道交通能否达到预期的分担率还取决于其相对于路面交通方式是否具有明显的优势.有效的运行管理系统不仅有利于轨道交通的建设与发展,也有利于提升整个城市交通系统的运行效率.针对拥挤线路,在一定的管理目标约束下,本文建立了票价、发车频率和车厢数的优化模型.模型还考虑了负外部性的噪声污染因素、车内拥挤度的反作用以及正外部性的缓解道路拥挤因素.选取苏州市为例,详细说明了某运输通道下轨道交通线路定价的有效性和服务供应的合理性的评价方法.理论与实例综合分析表明,与经济效益最大化相比,社会效益最大化的需求为低票价、多车厢数和高载客率.从现行的运行管理模式向社会效益最优转化需要降低票价、增大发车频次并增加车厢数.
To alleviate the increasingly serious traffic congestion and the environmental problems caused by it, many cities in China are beginning to develop the rail transit system, but whether or not the rail transit can achieve the expected sharing rate depends on whether it has obvious advantages over the road traffic. Of the operation and management system is not only conducive to the construction and development of rail transit, but also help to improve the operational efficiency of the entire urban transport system.For congestion lines, with certain management objectives and constraints, this paper established a fare, departure frequency and number of cars Optimization model.The model also considers the negative externality of noise pollution factors, the reaction of the congestion degree in the car and the positive extrinsic ease of road congestion.Taking Suzhou as an example, this paper details the effective pricing of the rail transit line under a certain transportation corridor Sex and service rationality.A comprehensive analysis of theory and examples shows that compared with the maximization of economic benefits, the demand for maximizing social benefits is low fare, multi-car number and high passenger load.From the current operation The optimal conversion of management mode to social benefit requires a reduction of fares, an increase of departure frequency and an increase of number of cars.