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在解遗传习题时,概率知识的应用相当普遍。但遗憾的是,在现行高中教学中,不讲概率,因而直接影响到解题。实践证明,在遗传复习课上,补充一定的概率基础知识,有助于培养学生的解题能力。笔者在第五章“遗传的物质基础”后,安排了二个课时,向学生讲授概率基础知识,收到了较好的教学效果。具体做法是,第一课时讲授概率定义和概率的两个基本定理,第二课时讲授概率原理的应用。现将这些内容介绍如下:
The application of probabilistic knowledge is quite common when solving genetic problems. However, unfortunately, in the current high school teaching, we do not speak about probability and thus directly affect the problem solving. Practice has shown that supplementing certain basic probabilistic knowledge in a genetic review class can help students develop problem-solving abilities. In the fifth chapter, “The Material Foundation of Genetics,” the author arranged two hours to teach students basic knowledge of probability and received good teaching results. The specific approach is to teach the two basic theorems of probability definitions and probabilities in the first lesson, and to teach the application of probabilistic principles in the second lesson. Now these are described as follows: