0前言目前世界上的机器制造业,其中包括汽车制造业市场的不景气,是由于大多数发达国家,首先是美国的经济衰退结果。由此,出现了对机器制造生产新的要求:较快更新制品,缩短制件的寿命周期,扩大制件的品种,提高制品的竞争力。除此之外,机器制造的特殊因素压力逐渐在增加,如熟练技能的劳动力短缺和价高,特别是二班和三班的劳动力;必须保持生态环境(废物利用合理化)等。由于上述诸因素,在最近30～60年内,预计将进一步提高机器制造生产的自动化水平,其作为一种满足机器制造产品市场需求的主要手段。目前市场 0 Preface The current downturn in the world’s machine-building industry, including the automotive manufacturing market, is the result of the economic recession in most developed countries, above all in the United States. As a result, there has been a new demand for machine manufacturing: faster product updates, shorten the life cycle of parts, to expand the varieties of parts and improve the competitiveness of products. In addition, the pressure of special factors of machine manufacture is gradually increasing, such as the shortage of skilled labor and the high price, especially the labor force of the second and third shifts; the ecological environment (rationalization of waste utilization) and the like must be maintained. Due to these factors, it is expected that in the last 30 to 60 years, the automation of machine manufacturing will be further enhanced as a primary means of meeting the market demand for machine-made products. The current market