论文部分内容阅读
摘要为了研究在饲料中用植酸酶替代不同水平的磷酸二氢钙生长
中图分类号S962.73+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08185-03
Effects of Replacement Monocalcium Phosphate of Phytase on Growth of Carassais auratus gibelio
CHEN Jing, XIONG Shenxue et al(Jiangsu Province Aquaculture Technology Extension Station, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036; Wuxi Aquaculture and Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023)
AbstractThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase on growth performances and intestinal emptying velocity of gibel carp (Carassais auratus gibelio). The fish were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, which was fed a basic diet, and four treated groups fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500, 1 000, 1 500 U/kg phytase for eight weeks. The results showed that the replacement Ca(H2PO4)2 of phytase had no significant effect on growth performances of gibel carp (P>0.05). There was no significant effect on growth performances of gibel carp between the treatment group and control group (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the groups supplemented with 500, 1 000, 1 500 U/kg phytase in the diet significantly increased the intestinal emptying velocity of gibel carp (P<0.05) compared with the control. The present study suggests that feed supplementation with phytase has the potential to take replace of the content of calcium dihydrogen phosphate in the diet to some degree. The optimum dietary phytase requirement of gibel carp was estimated to be 1 000 U/kg feed.
Key wordsCarassais auratus gibelio; Phytase; Ca(H2PO4)2; Growth
植酸酶(Phytase)是可將植酸分解为可利用的无机磷酸盐和肌醇的统称。水产动物体内几乎无植酸酶,这与单胃动物及禽类大致相同,添加植酸酶能补充内源酶不足[1],可能部分解除植酸对内源酶的抑制作用,促进内源酶分泌,同时因为有植酸的存在可能导致消化酶的失活,如植酸对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性有抑制作用,从而降低了蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪这些营养物质的消化吸收[2],促进水产动物的生长[3]。植酸酶在无胃鱼类(如鲤科鱼类)饲料中的应用已经在多次饲喂试验中证实其使用效果,并通过与酸性植酸酶的对比证实植酸酶在鲤科鱼饲料中的应用价值[4]。异育银鲫是我国鲫鱼养殖的主要品种,深受消费者的喜爱,近年来还出口到韩国、日本和东南亚等国家和地区。笔者选用异育银鲫为研究对象,探讨研究在饲料中使用植酸酶替代不同比例的Ca1材料与方法
1.1试验鱼和饲料配方异育银鲫用5%食盐水消毒,在水族箱(规格100 cm×60 cm×80 cm)中驯养,驯养期投喂商品饲料,驯养10 d
3讨论
等认为在点带石斑鱼的配合饲料中添加植酸酶能更好促进鱼体的生长,提高饵料的转化,降低饵料系数。该试验结果表明在试验组Ⅲ中异育银鲫的饵料系数最低且蛋白质效率最高,进一步说明植酸酶可以提高磷的利用率,取代部分无机磷。从生产上来看,建议日粮中植酸酶的添加量以1 000 U/kg饲料为宜,其作用相当于8 g/kg的Ca(H2PO4)2。
3.3植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对肠道排空速度的影响肠道食糜排空速度是指肠道中食糜由前向后移动的速度,影响鱼类肠道排空速度的因素很多,水温、饲料形态、营养物质和饲料黏度等都影响鱼的排空速度。适宜的肠道排空速度是衡量动物消化道机能的主要指标之一。该试验中除添加植酸酶外,其他饲养条件一致,在这种情况下饲料原料的粘度是影响食糜消化排空的主要因素,在所加的基础原料中有菜粕、豆粕、次粉等,其粘性大,影响异育银鲫肠道排空速度,在日粮中添加植酸酶后,由于植酸酶中含有纤维素酶,有利于降低食糜粘度。该试验中在其他条件一致的情况下,试验组比对照组的鱼体肠道排空速度明显加快,而且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),说明添加植酸酶可以促进异育银鲫的食糜排空速度,加快肠道对饲料的消化,这与王爱民等[11]的研究结果基本一致。从生产上来看,建议日粮中植酸酶的添加量以500~1 000 U/kg饲料为宜,过量添加植酸酶会增加肠道排空速度,影响营养物质的消化吸收。 因此,饲料中用植酸酶替代一定量的Ca(H2PO4)2异育银鲫的生长无显著影响,添加植酸酶能够显著提高肠道食糜排空率。从生产上来看,植酸酶的添加量以1 000 U/kg饲料为宜。
参考文献
[1] ELSAYED A F M,NMARTINEZ I,MOYANO F J.Assessment of the effect of plant inhibitors on digestive proteases on Nile tilapia using vitro assay[J].Aquaculture,2000,5:403-415.
[2] RICHE M,BROWN P B.Availability of phosphorus form feed stuffs fed to rainbow trout,on corhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1996,142:269-282.
[3] PAPATRYPHON S. The effects of phytase on apparent digestibility of four practical plant feed stuffs fed to striped bass morone saxatilis[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2001,7(3):161-167.
[4] 曾虹,姚斌,任澤林.中性植酸酶NPHYA的酶学性质及其在鲤鱼饲料中的应用效果[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(S1):67-74.
[5] 曾虹,姚斌.中性植酸酶在鲤鱼饲料中的应用效果[J].中国水产,2001(5):87.
[6] YOO G Y,WANG X J,CHOI S,et al.Dietary microbial phytase increased the phosphorus digestibility in juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed diets containing soybean meal[J].Aquaculture,2005,243:315-322.
[7] 吕林兰,王爱民,殷玉岗,等.植酸酶对异育银鲫鱼种生长及内源酶的影响[J].饲料与粮食工艺,2007(3):36-38.
[8] 郝振荣,高俊杰.植酸酶的应用效果研究进展[J].饲料研究,2006(12):12-15.
[9] RODEHUSTSCORD,PFEFFER.Studies on a Planned Provision with Essential Amino Acids and Phosphorus as well as the Utilization of Digestible Energy in Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)[J].Animal Nutrition,1996(2):123-130.
[10] 阮成旭,袁重桂,石祥柱.植酸酶在点带石斑鱼配合饲料中的应用[J].福建水产,2005(1):13-16.
[11] 王爱民,刘文斌,王恬.外源酶对异育银鲫内源酶活性和肠道食糜排空速度的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报,2006,22(1):46-50.
中图分类号S962.73+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08185-03
Effects of Replacement Monocalcium Phosphate of Phytase on Growth of Carassais auratus gibelio
CHEN Jing, XIONG Shenxue et al(Jiangsu Province Aquaculture Technology Extension Station, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036; Wuxi Aquaculture and Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023)
AbstractThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase on growth performances and intestinal emptying velocity of gibel carp (Carassais auratus gibelio). The fish were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, which was fed a basic diet, and four treated groups fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500, 1 000, 1 500 U/kg phytase for eight weeks. The results showed that the replacement Ca(H2PO4)2 of phytase had no significant effect on growth performances of gibel carp (P>0.05). There was no significant effect on growth performances of gibel carp between the treatment group and control group (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the groups supplemented with 500, 1 000, 1 500 U/kg phytase in the diet significantly increased the intestinal emptying velocity of gibel carp (P<0.05) compared with the control. The present study suggests that feed supplementation with phytase has the potential to take replace of the content of calcium dihydrogen phosphate in the diet to some degree. The optimum dietary phytase requirement of gibel carp was estimated to be 1 000 U/kg feed.
Key wordsCarassais auratus gibelio; Phytase; Ca(H2PO4)2; Growth
植酸酶(Phytase)是可將植酸分解为可利用的无机磷酸盐和肌醇的统称。水产动物体内几乎无植酸酶,这与单胃动物及禽类大致相同,添加植酸酶能补充内源酶不足[1],可能部分解除植酸对内源酶的抑制作用,促进内源酶分泌,同时因为有植酸的存在可能导致消化酶的失活,如植酸对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性有抑制作用,从而降低了蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪这些营养物质的消化吸收[2],促进水产动物的生长[3]。植酸酶在无胃鱼类(如鲤科鱼类)饲料中的应用已经在多次饲喂试验中证实其使用效果,并通过与酸性植酸酶的对比证实植酸酶在鲤科鱼饲料中的应用价值[4]。异育银鲫是我国鲫鱼养殖的主要品种,深受消费者的喜爱,近年来还出口到韩国、日本和东南亚等国家和地区。笔者选用异育银鲫为研究对象,探讨研究在饲料中使用植酸酶替代不同比例的Ca1材料与方法
1.1试验鱼和饲料配方异育银鲫用5%食盐水消毒,在水族箱(规格100 cm×60 cm×80 cm)中驯养,驯养期投喂商品饲料,驯养10 d
3讨论
等认为在点带石斑鱼的配合饲料中添加植酸酶能更好促进鱼体的生长,提高饵料的转化,降低饵料系数。该试验结果表明在试验组Ⅲ中异育银鲫的饵料系数最低且蛋白质效率最高,进一步说明植酸酶可以提高磷的利用率,取代部分无机磷。从生产上来看,建议日粮中植酸酶的添加量以1 000 U/kg饲料为宜,其作用相当于8 g/kg的Ca(H2PO4)2。
3.3植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对肠道排空速度的影响肠道食糜排空速度是指肠道中食糜由前向后移动的速度,影响鱼类肠道排空速度的因素很多,水温、饲料形态、营养物质和饲料黏度等都影响鱼的排空速度。适宜的肠道排空速度是衡量动物消化道机能的主要指标之一。该试验中除添加植酸酶外,其他饲养条件一致,在这种情况下饲料原料的粘度是影响食糜消化排空的主要因素,在所加的基础原料中有菜粕、豆粕、次粉等,其粘性大,影响异育银鲫肠道排空速度,在日粮中添加植酸酶后,由于植酸酶中含有纤维素酶,有利于降低食糜粘度。该试验中在其他条件一致的情况下,试验组比对照组的鱼体肠道排空速度明显加快,而且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),说明添加植酸酶可以促进异育银鲫的食糜排空速度,加快肠道对饲料的消化,这与王爱民等[11]的研究结果基本一致。从生产上来看,建议日粮中植酸酶的添加量以500~1 000 U/kg饲料为宜,过量添加植酸酶会增加肠道排空速度,影响营养物质的消化吸收。 因此,饲料中用植酸酶替代一定量的Ca(H2PO4)2异育银鲫的生长无显著影响,添加植酸酶能够显著提高肠道食糜排空率。从生产上来看,植酸酶的添加量以1 000 U/kg饲料为宜。
参考文献
[1] ELSAYED A F M,NMARTINEZ I,MOYANO F J.Assessment of the effect of plant inhibitors on digestive proteases on Nile tilapia using vitro assay[J].Aquaculture,2000,5:403-415.
[2] RICHE M,BROWN P B.Availability of phosphorus form feed stuffs fed to rainbow trout,on corhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,1996,142:269-282.
[3] PAPATRYPHON S. The effects of phytase on apparent digestibility of four practical plant feed stuffs fed to striped bass morone saxatilis[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2001,7(3):161-167.
[4] 曾虹,姚斌,任澤林.中性植酸酶NPHYA的酶学性质及其在鲤鱼饲料中的应用效果[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(S1):67-74.
[5] 曾虹,姚斌.中性植酸酶在鲤鱼饲料中的应用效果[J].中国水产,2001(5):87.
[6] YOO G Y,WANG X J,CHOI S,et al.Dietary microbial phytase increased the phosphorus digestibility in juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed diets containing soybean meal[J].Aquaculture,2005,243:315-322.
[7] 吕林兰,王爱民,殷玉岗,等.植酸酶对异育银鲫鱼种生长及内源酶的影响[J].饲料与粮食工艺,2007(3):36-38.
[8] 郝振荣,高俊杰.植酸酶的应用效果研究进展[J].饲料研究,2006(12):12-15.
[9] RODEHUSTSCORD,PFEFFER.Studies on a Planned Provision with Essential Amino Acids and Phosphorus as well as the Utilization of Digestible Energy in Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)[J].Animal Nutrition,1996(2):123-130.
[10] 阮成旭,袁重桂,石祥柱.植酸酶在点带石斑鱼配合饲料中的应用[J].福建水产,2005(1):13-16.
[11] 王爱民,刘文斌,王恬.外源酶对异育银鲫内源酶活性和肠道食糜排空速度的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报,2006,22(1):46-50.