目的探讨组织工程材料——同种异体脱细胞动脉基质作为长段尿道缺损修补替代材料的可行性。方法选择6只成年雄性杂种犬,全麻下将其4 cm长尿道行节段性切除,将相应长度的脱细胞动脉基质与尿道两断端行端端吻合。术后6个月行尿道造影,然后将狗处死,将尿道纵行剖开观察,并取尿道组织行病理及扫描电镜检查。结果术后尿道造影显示尿道管腔通畅,吻合口无狭窄。肉眼观察新尿道已完全被光滑平整的黏膜上皮覆盖。组织学检查示新尿道腔面为较厚的复层上皮组织覆盖,上皮形态均匀一致,上皮下方为形态正常的尿道海绵体组织,未见明显的炎性细胞浸润。扫描电镜观察上皮细胞形态规整,与正常尿道组织无明显差别。结论同种异体脱细胞动脉基质是一种较为理想的尿道修补替代材料。 Objective To investigate the feasibility of tissue engineered materials - allogeneic acellular arterial matrix as a substitute for repair of long urethral defects. Methods Six adult male hybrid dogs were selected and their 4 cm long urethral resection was performed under general anesthesia. The corresponding length of acellular arterial matrix was anastomosed with the two ends of the urethra. Urethral angiography was performed 6 months after operation, and then the dogs were sacrificed. The urethral longitudinal dissection was observed and pathological and scanning electron microscopic examination of urethral tissues were performed. Results Postoperative urethral catheterization showed urethral patency, anastomotic stenosis. Visual observation of the new urethra has been completely smooth and smooth mucosal epithelium covered. Histological examination showed that the surface of the new urethra was covered by thicker lamina propria epithelium. The morphology of the epithelium was uniform. The morphologically normal urethral sponge tissue under the epithelium showed no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. Scanning electron microscope observation of epithelial cells regular, no significant difference with the normal urethral tissue. Conclusion Allogeneic acellular arterial matrix is ​​an ideal substitute for urethral repair.