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对于透镜成象问题,或者用公式解,或者用作图解. 关于透镜公式:1/u+1/v=1/f 其中一切有关的名词——光心、焦点、焦距、物距、象距,无一不是以透镜的主轴为“依托”. 关于透镜成象作图,人们总是选择三条特殊光线中的任意二条来完成.三条特殊光线是:①跟主轴平行的光线,折射后通过焦点;②通过焦点的光线;折射后跟主轴平行;③通过光心的光线经过透镜后方向不变.这三条特殊光线所依附的“根”,也是透镜的主轴. 我们所说的透镜成象,其限定条件是近轴光线.“近轴”就是以透镜的主轴为标准参考线.因此,透镜的主轴是透镜成象公式解和作图解的根本所在.忽视了透镜的主轴,有些问题将无法求解;而抓住了透镜的主轴,有些似乎无法求解的问题将能得到巧解. 例1.设法求出在凸透镜光轴上焦距以外的A点
For lens imaging problems, either formulated as a formula, or used as a diagram. About the lens formula: 1/u+1/v = 1/f where all related terms - optical center, focus, focal length, object distance, image distance Both are based on the principal axis of the lens. Regarding lens imaging, people always select any two of the three special rays to complete. Three special rays are: 1 rays parallel to the major axis, refracted through the focus 2 The light passing through the focal point; the refracted heel parallel to the major axis; 3 The light passing through the optical center passes through the lens in the same direction. The “roots” to which these three special lights are attached are also the major axes of the lens. What we call lens imaging, The limiting condition is the paraxial ray. “Peripheral” means that the principal axis of the lens is used as the standard reference line. Therefore, the principal axis of the lens is the fundamental part of the lens imaging formulae solution and illustration. If the principal axis of the lens is neglected, some problems cannot be solved. However, some of the problems that seem to be impossible to solve can be solved by grasping the principal axis of the lens. Example 1. Try to find the point A outside the focal length on the optical axis of the convex lens.