论文部分内容阅读
1.lose和miss
都作“遗失”解,前者指丢失而不易找到,语气较强;后者是“发觉遗失”的意思。例如:
When did you lose your watch?侧重手表丢失不易找到,若改用miss则强调发觉丢失的时间,不涉及能否失而复得的问题。又如:
His brother lost his legs in the battle.这里是永远失去之意,故不能用miss。
此外,be lost和be missing都是系表结构,表状态,前者强调丢失,后者表示失踪或找不到。
2.real和true
都表示“真的”,前者指客观存在,不是想象或幻觉的意思;后者强调与事实及实际情况相符,不是杜撰的。例如:
This is a story of real life.表示这是从现实生活中取材的故事。
This is a true story.强调故事情节与实际相符,不是杜撰的。
Is this real silk or rayon?是真丝还是人造丝,不能用true。
Tell me the true reason.可以用real替换true。
3.deep和deeply
前者除了作形容词外也可以作副词,后者只用作副词。作副词用时前者表具体意义,后者表抽象意义。例如:
I’m deeply grateful to you.“深深地感谢”是抽象意义。
The treasure were buried deep in the earth.“财宝深埋在地下”有具体的深度。
类似的用法也适用于high和highly。例如:
The teacher spoke highly of his composmon.
The hawks were flying high up in the sky.
4.common和ordinary
前者表示普通的或常见的,多指人或物所共同具备而常见的情况,反义词是exceptional;后者表示普通的或平常的,强调因与一般事物的性质和标准相同,而显得平常或无奇特之处,反义词是especial。例如:
This bird is common in the mountains.强调常见。
His brother is an ordinary worker.强调是普通工人。
在某些情况下两词可换用。例如:
They are common/ordinary people.指普通的人。
但下面两例由于各自表达的侧重点不同,故不宜互换:
He is an ordinary soldier.(普通一兵)
He is good at common speech of Chinese language.(普通话)
5.almost和nearly
都表示“几乎、差不多”,在口语中常通用。但是almost可用在too,more than.no,none,nothing之前,nearly则不能;nearly可与not连用,notnearly表示“远非”。例如:
He said almost nothing worth hearing.
There was almost no snow that winter.
Almost no one took any rest.
It is not nearly so easy as you think.
6.in words和in a word
两者的意思完全不同,前者的in也可改为with,意为“口头上”;后者是“总而言之”、“一句话”的意思。例如:
I don’t want you simply to promise to be good students in words.
In a word,we’ll try our best t0 finish the task.
7.no more than和not more than
在比较两个事物时,前者意为“两者同样不……”;后者表示“不及,不如……更……”。例如:
This book is no/not more interesting than that one.用前者表示两本书都令人乏味,用后者意为这本不如那本有趣,那本书可能更有趣。
前者+数词可以表示“仅仅,差不多”的意思;后者+数词则表示“至多,不超过”。例如:
There are no more than ten tickets left.表示所剩票不多了,只有10张了。
There are not more than ten tickets left.说明事实,剩票不超过10张。
都作“遗失”解,前者指丢失而不易找到,语气较强;后者是“发觉遗失”的意思。例如:
When did you lose your watch?侧重手表丢失不易找到,若改用miss则强调发觉丢失的时间,不涉及能否失而复得的问题。又如:
His brother lost his legs in the battle.这里是永远失去之意,故不能用miss。
此外,be lost和be missing都是系表结构,表状态,前者强调丢失,后者表示失踪或找不到。
2.real和true
都表示“真的”,前者指客观存在,不是想象或幻觉的意思;后者强调与事实及实际情况相符,不是杜撰的。例如:
This is a story of real life.表示这是从现实生活中取材的故事。
This is a true story.强调故事情节与实际相符,不是杜撰的。
Is this real silk or rayon?是真丝还是人造丝,不能用true。
Tell me the true reason.可以用real替换true。
3.deep和deeply
前者除了作形容词外也可以作副词,后者只用作副词。作副词用时前者表具体意义,后者表抽象意义。例如:
I’m deeply grateful to you.“深深地感谢”是抽象意义。
The treasure were buried deep in the earth.“财宝深埋在地下”有具体的深度。
类似的用法也适用于high和highly。例如:
The teacher spoke highly of his composmon.
The hawks were flying high up in the sky.
4.common和ordinary
前者表示普通的或常见的,多指人或物所共同具备而常见的情况,反义词是exceptional;后者表示普通的或平常的,强调因与一般事物的性质和标准相同,而显得平常或无奇特之处,反义词是especial。例如:
This bird is common in the mountains.强调常见。
His brother is an ordinary worker.强调是普通工人。
在某些情况下两词可换用。例如:
They are common/ordinary people.指普通的人。
但下面两例由于各自表达的侧重点不同,故不宜互换:
He is an ordinary soldier.(普通一兵)
He is good at common speech of Chinese language.(普通话)
5.almost和nearly
都表示“几乎、差不多”,在口语中常通用。但是almost可用在too,more than.no,none,nothing之前,nearly则不能;nearly可与not连用,notnearly表示“远非”。例如:
He said almost nothing worth hearing.
There was almost no snow that winter.
Almost no one took any rest.
It is not nearly so easy as you think.
6.in words和in a word
两者的意思完全不同,前者的in也可改为with,意为“口头上”;后者是“总而言之”、“一句话”的意思。例如:
I don’t want you simply to promise to be good students in words.
In a word,we’ll try our best t0 finish the task.
7.no more than和not more than
在比较两个事物时,前者意为“两者同样不……”;后者表示“不及,不如……更……”。例如:
This book is no/not more interesting than that one.用前者表示两本书都令人乏味,用后者意为这本不如那本有趣,那本书可能更有趣。
前者+数词可以表示“仅仅,差不多”的意思;后者+数词则表示“至多,不超过”。例如:
There are no more than ten tickets left.表示所剩票不多了,只有10张了。
There are not more than ten tickets left.说明事实,剩票不超过10张。