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禁止反言发源于国内法,后被引入到国际法中,成为一项常设国际法院与国际法院在国际争端解决案件中适用的一般法律原则。禁止反言在国际争端解决中的适用有自身的特点:它广泛适用于各种类型的国际争端解决,是一项程序性规范,且通过理论上的修正实现了对国内法中禁止反言的扬弃。目前,禁止反言在国际争端解决中的适用存在以下问题:与默认制度的界限混淆不清;对默认的判断缺乏明确统一的标准;在单方声明案件中遗漏了信赖要件;在个案中没有体现实体正义。本文着重分析了这些问题,并思考了可能的解决途径。最后,本文对禁止反言在国际争端解决中适用的现状和发展趋势作出总体评价。
The prohibition of aversion originated from domestic law and was introduced into international law as a general legal principle applicable by the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice in international dispute settlement cases. The prohibition of the application of the estoppel in the settlement of international disputes has its own characteristics: it is widely applicable to various types of international dispute settlement and is a procedural standard. Through theoretical revision, it has achieved the goal of prohibiting the estoppel in domestic law Subdue. At present, the following questions are not allowed in the application of the anti-rhetoric in the settlement of international disputes: the confusion with the default system; the lack of a clear and uniform standard of default; the lack of trust in unilateral declarations; and the lack of trust in individual cases Physical justice. This article focuses on these issues and considers possible solutions. Finally, this article gives an overall appraisal of the status quo and development trend of estoppel in the application of international dispute resolution.