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Although the development of new energy vehicles have undergone a lot of doubts and questions like safety performance, supporting facilities, high price and inconvenience of use, since 21st century, faced with the pressure of climatic deterioration, oil crisis and the pressure of energy saving and emission reduction, America, Japan, European Union and other countries and regions have issued and carried out development strategy of new energy vehicles to promote the idea of “low carbon” and to promote the development of new energy vehicles.
Since 2008, affected by financial crisis, governments have sped up supporting new energy vehicles to reduce the heavy burden on economy caused by the consumption of energy and make more severe stipulations and measures in the industry standards of new energy vehicles.
The idea of “plug-in hybrid electric vehicle” was first put forward by American Electric Power. In 2008, Department of Energy of America allocated 30 million dollars to fund the research of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles undertaken by General Motors and Ford Motor to take the first step to manufacture new energy vehicles. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as a transitional scheme from hybrid electric vehicles to pure electric vehicles, satisfies American customers in continuance of the journey. In June, 2009, Department of Energy of America loaned 8 billion dollars to Nissan, Ford and Tesla Motors -- the research and development companies of electric vehicles to develop environmental saving vehicles like electric vehicles. Meanwhile, Obama set the target that before 2015, there would be 1 million environmental vehicles on the roads in America. To encourage consumers to purchase them, he also declared to give the consumers who buy plug-in hybrid electric vehicles the tax credit of 7,500 dollars per car for a person. It is understood that 21,500 charging stations will be built in America before 2015.
Japan is one of the first counties in the world to start the development of electric vehicles. Nowadays, new energy vehicles are everywhere in the streets of Japan. As early as in 1967, Japan set up Japan Electric Vehicle Association to promote the development of electric vehicles. From 1971, the Japanese government has invested huge amounts of money to support the development of new energy vehicles. At the end of 1980s, Japanese vehicles, CNG vehicles and methanol fuel vehicles were introduced experimentally. In 1993, Japan began to implement the plan of “global energy network” to deeply study hydrogen and its infrastructure knowledge. Besides, the Japanese government implemented tax reduction for new energy vehicles. According to Sato Shochi, the director of Electrical Vehicles and Advanced Skills Office of Japanese Automobile Ministry, the vehicles powered by electricity and compressed natural gas with exhaust gas emission below the legal standard can enjoy tax reductions on different levels. Take the example of Nissan “Leaf-X”, the government subsidies of environmental protection can reach 780,000 yen and there is also tax reduction with the value of about 210,000 yen. In total, 1 million yen will be saved. In addition, it is known that in order to promote plug-in and new energy vehicles, there are already 4,000 charging stations built in Japan and among these there are about 600 instant charging stations. Car owners can also charge their plug-in vehicles at home as long as the conditions permit. Germany has set up the aim that by 2020 there will be 1 million electrical vehicles traveling in the streets. In 2008, the German government, together with car manufacturers and energy suppliers, issued a car development plan of hybrid power and allocated 15 million euro into this project to develop more advanced vehicle batteries. In 2010, German announced to found “national platform of electric vehicles” consisting of seven groups including driving technology group, battery technology group and infrastructure construction group to develop the market of electric vehicles on a large scale and in a planned way. In May 2011, the German government issued Germany Electric Vehicles Development Plan with the target that by 2020, the number of vehicles powered by electricity and hybrid power can reach 1 million, in 2030, at least 6 million and in 2050 the electric transport network can cover all the cities in Germany. According to International Herald Tribune, before 2013, the funds allocated by the government for developing new energy vehicles increased from 1 billion euro to 2 billion euro (One euro equals to 8.01 RMB).
2013 was the first year of French electric vehicles with over 20 types of cars for sale. Dating back the development of electric vehicles in France, in January 2010, the French government announced to carry out “national plan of developing electrical vehicles.” According to French production minister Arnold Monte Fort, from 2013, the percentage of cars powered by electricity and hybrid energy French national authorities purchase should reach 25% of the total number of cars purchased and all the incentive measures for private purchasing are all applicable for public purchasing. In addition, the French government also initiated “Hirtzman” program to vigorously expand the construction of infrastructure like charging stations. Related statistics show that up to 2020, it is expected that there will be 2 million new energy vehicles on the roads in France.
In order to promote the development of new energy vehicles, the government of ROK also formulated preferential tax reductions and made strict regulations on the evaluation standard of safety performance. Meanwhile the government pays attention to the technological development of new energy vehicles, continuously promotes the development of batteries and core components and supports and encourages governmental agencies and departments to purchase electric vehicles. In 2014, the government of ROK announced to implement a long-term development plan of electric vehicles, focusing on developing high capacity lithium-ion batteries to solve the problems of high cost and short battery life. According to Science and Technology Daily of China, “up to 2020, the South Korean government plans to manufacture electric vehicles in a large scale which can run 300 km for one charging and the price is in the range from 20 million to 30 million won.” New energy vehicle is an important strategic industry in China. To vigorously develop new vehicle industry, Ma Kai, one of China’s vice premiers, put forward that for the development of new energy vehicles, the policies to treat new energy vehicles as development strategy and pure electricity driving as development strategy, the aim of reaching 0.5 million in 2015 and 5 million in 2020 and the support of national policies would not be changed. At the beginning of 2009, the Chinese government started to implement the plan of “ten cities with a thousand electric vehicles each” to promote the development of electric vehicles through piloting in ten cities in a large scale. Later, the coverage of the plan will extend to 28 cities gradually. In 2010, Chinese Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued an announcement to give subsidies to the private purchasing of new energy vehicles which clearly mentioned to subsidize new energy vehicles meeting the support requirements. To adapt to the development requirements of electric vehicles, China State Grid announces to construct more than 2 thousand charging stations and more than 200 thousand charging stocks during the period of “the twelfth five-year plan”. It will preliminarily build a smart charging service network covering the business regions of the company.
As to local governments, in 2013, China’s Guangdong Province issued Guangdong New Energy Vehicles Industry Development Plan (2013-2020) which aims to have the production capacity of over 200 thousand new energy vehicles by 2015 and to give new energy vehicles a series of preferential policies in getting certificates for using “green passages” and reducing the fees of tolls and parking. Beijing is to complete the construction of 1,000 public charging stocks and build a charging circle in the center of the city with the average service radius of 5km. Before 2015, Tianjin will build over 60 charging stations to facilitate consumers in using new energy vehicles to the largest extent. As to vehicle manufacturers, China BYD took the lead in putting forward the solution of urban public transport of “buying car for zero, zero cost and zero emission” to promote the use of new energy vehicles and the electrification process of urban transport.
Since 2008, affected by financial crisis, governments have sped up supporting new energy vehicles to reduce the heavy burden on economy caused by the consumption of energy and make more severe stipulations and measures in the industry standards of new energy vehicles.
The idea of “plug-in hybrid electric vehicle” was first put forward by American Electric Power. In 2008, Department of Energy of America allocated 30 million dollars to fund the research of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles undertaken by General Motors and Ford Motor to take the first step to manufacture new energy vehicles. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, as a transitional scheme from hybrid electric vehicles to pure electric vehicles, satisfies American customers in continuance of the journey. In June, 2009, Department of Energy of America loaned 8 billion dollars to Nissan, Ford and Tesla Motors -- the research and development companies of electric vehicles to develop environmental saving vehicles like electric vehicles. Meanwhile, Obama set the target that before 2015, there would be 1 million environmental vehicles on the roads in America. To encourage consumers to purchase them, he also declared to give the consumers who buy plug-in hybrid electric vehicles the tax credit of 7,500 dollars per car for a person. It is understood that 21,500 charging stations will be built in America before 2015.
Japan is one of the first counties in the world to start the development of electric vehicles. Nowadays, new energy vehicles are everywhere in the streets of Japan. As early as in 1967, Japan set up Japan Electric Vehicle Association to promote the development of electric vehicles. From 1971, the Japanese government has invested huge amounts of money to support the development of new energy vehicles. At the end of 1980s, Japanese vehicles, CNG vehicles and methanol fuel vehicles were introduced experimentally. In 1993, Japan began to implement the plan of “global energy network” to deeply study hydrogen and its infrastructure knowledge. Besides, the Japanese government implemented tax reduction for new energy vehicles. According to Sato Shochi, the director of Electrical Vehicles and Advanced Skills Office of Japanese Automobile Ministry, the vehicles powered by electricity and compressed natural gas with exhaust gas emission below the legal standard can enjoy tax reductions on different levels. Take the example of Nissan “Leaf-X”, the government subsidies of environmental protection can reach 780,000 yen and there is also tax reduction with the value of about 210,000 yen. In total, 1 million yen will be saved. In addition, it is known that in order to promote plug-in and new energy vehicles, there are already 4,000 charging stations built in Japan and among these there are about 600 instant charging stations. Car owners can also charge their plug-in vehicles at home as long as the conditions permit. Germany has set up the aim that by 2020 there will be 1 million electrical vehicles traveling in the streets. In 2008, the German government, together with car manufacturers and energy suppliers, issued a car development plan of hybrid power and allocated 15 million euro into this project to develop more advanced vehicle batteries. In 2010, German announced to found “national platform of electric vehicles” consisting of seven groups including driving technology group, battery technology group and infrastructure construction group to develop the market of electric vehicles on a large scale and in a planned way. In May 2011, the German government issued Germany Electric Vehicles Development Plan with the target that by 2020, the number of vehicles powered by electricity and hybrid power can reach 1 million, in 2030, at least 6 million and in 2050 the electric transport network can cover all the cities in Germany. According to International Herald Tribune, before 2013, the funds allocated by the government for developing new energy vehicles increased from 1 billion euro to 2 billion euro (One euro equals to 8.01 RMB).
2013 was the first year of French electric vehicles with over 20 types of cars for sale. Dating back the development of electric vehicles in France, in January 2010, the French government announced to carry out “national plan of developing electrical vehicles.” According to French production minister Arnold Monte Fort, from 2013, the percentage of cars powered by electricity and hybrid energy French national authorities purchase should reach 25% of the total number of cars purchased and all the incentive measures for private purchasing are all applicable for public purchasing. In addition, the French government also initiated “Hirtzman” program to vigorously expand the construction of infrastructure like charging stations. Related statistics show that up to 2020, it is expected that there will be 2 million new energy vehicles on the roads in France.
In order to promote the development of new energy vehicles, the government of ROK also formulated preferential tax reductions and made strict regulations on the evaluation standard of safety performance. Meanwhile the government pays attention to the technological development of new energy vehicles, continuously promotes the development of batteries and core components and supports and encourages governmental agencies and departments to purchase electric vehicles. In 2014, the government of ROK announced to implement a long-term development plan of electric vehicles, focusing on developing high capacity lithium-ion batteries to solve the problems of high cost and short battery life. According to Science and Technology Daily of China, “up to 2020, the South Korean government plans to manufacture electric vehicles in a large scale which can run 300 km for one charging and the price is in the range from 20 million to 30 million won.” New energy vehicle is an important strategic industry in China. To vigorously develop new vehicle industry, Ma Kai, one of China’s vice premiers, put forward that for the development of new energy vehicles, the policies to treat new energy vehicles as development strategy and pure electricity driving as development strategy, the aim of reaching 0.5 million in 2015 and 5 million in 2020 and the support of national policies would not be changed. At the beginning of 2009, the Chinese government started to implement the plan of “ten cities with a thousand electric vehicles each” to promote the development of electric vehicles through piloting in ten cities in a large scale. Later, the coverage of the plan will extend to 28 cities gradually. In 2010, Chinese Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued an announcement to give subsidies to the private purchasing of new energy vehicles which clearly mentioned to subsidize new energy vehicles meeting the support requirements. To adapt to the development requirements of electric vehicles, China State Grid announces to construct more than 2 thousand charging stations and more than 200 thousand charging stocks during the period of “the twelfth five-year plan”. It will preliminarily build a smart charging service network covering the business regions of the company.
As to local governments, in 2013, China’s Guangdong Province issued Guangdong New Energy Vehicles Industry Development Plan (2013-2020) which aims to have the production capacity of over 200 thousand new energy vehicles by 2015 and to give new energy vehicles a series of preferential policies in getting certificates for using “green passages” and reducing the fees of tolls and parking. Beijing is to complete the construction of 1,000 public charging stocks and build a charging circle in the center of the city with the average service radius of 5km. Before 2015, Tianjin will build over 60 charging stations to facilitate consumers in using new energy vehicles to the largest extent. As to vehicle manufacturers, China BYD took the lead in putting forward the solution of urban public transport of “buying car for zero, zero cost and zero emission” to promote the use of new energy vehicles and the electrification process of urban transport.