微RNA(micro RNAs;mi RNA)是一类长度约为22核苷酸的非编码核苷酸,能在转录后水平抑制蛋白的翻译而调控靶向基因的表达。非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占所有肺癌比例的80%,确诊后一般为晚期,且具有早期确诊率低,治疗效果差,治疗后易复发,预后不良等特征。目前用于治疗NSCLC的方法主要是手术、放化疗、中医中药治疗以及生物免疫治疗,总体治疗效果不明显,死亡率高。近年来,大量研究表明mi RNA在癌症的发生发展、转移及复发中具有重要的作用,但目前尚未建立系统规范的使用mi RNA对NSCLC诊断、治疗、预后的标准化方案,临床实施难度大。本文就近几年来mi RNA在NSCLC诊断、治疗及预后功能上进行综述,期望有助于促进mi RNA在实际临床中发挥其应有的作用。 Micro RNAs (mi RNAs) are a class of non-coding nucleotides of about 22 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of a targeted gene by inhibiting the translation of the protein at post-transcriptional level. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancers. After diagnosis, it is generally late stage, and has the characteristics of low early diagnosis, poor treatment, easy recurrence after treatment and poor prognosis. Currently used for the treatment of NSCLC mainly surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine and biological immunotherapy, the overall treatment effect is not obvious, high mortality. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that miRNA plays an important role in the development, metastasis and recurrence of cancer. However, no standardized protocol for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC using miRNA has not yet been established. In this paper, in recent years, miRNAs are reviewed in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC. It is hoped that mi RNAs can help to promote miRNAs to play their due roles in clinical practice.