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【目的】探讨不同的分娩方式对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV ）母婴垂直传播的影响。【方法】选择2014年7月至2015年8月本院收治的100例乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性的产妇，根据其不同的分娩方式，将其分为观察组（ n ＝50，经剖宫产分娩）和对照组（ n ＝50，经阴道分娩）。两组患者分娩的新生儿均采用主被动联合免疫，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定HBsAg、乙肝表面抗体（抗‐HBS），荧光聚合酶链反应（PCR）法测定 HBV DNA。比较两组新生儿出生24 h、3个月以及7个月的HBsAg阳性率、抗‐HBS阳性率以及HBV DNA阳性率。【结果】观察组产妇分娩的新生儿在出生24 h、3个月以及7个月 HBsAg阳性率均少于对照组，差异均具有统计学意义（ P ＜00．5）；两组产妇分娩的新生儿在出生24 h抗‐HBS阳性率及HBV DNA阳性率比较，差异均无统计学意义（均 P ＞00．5），在出生3个月及7个月时比较，差异均具有统计学意义（均 P ＜00．5）。【结论】经剖宫产进行分娩的HBsAg阳性产妇导致新生儿 HBV母婴垂直传播发生率明显小于经经阴道分娩的新生儿，且对新生儿的健康成长有积极的作用。“,”[Objective]To study the effects of different delivery methods on the vertical transmission of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) .[Methods]A total of 100 cases of HBsAg positive pregnant women were divided into the observation group with cesarean section delivery (50 cases) and control group with vaginal delivery (50 cases) .All specimens of the newborns were screened by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the HBsAg and anti‐HBS positive rate .The PCR method was used to detect HBV DNA as well .After 24h ,3 months ,and 7 months of birth ,the positive rates of HBsAg ,anti‐HBS ,and HBV DNA were observed and compared between the two groups[.Results]The positive rate of HBsAg in the observation group was significantly less than that in control group 24 hours ,3 months ,and 7 months after birth;the difference was statistically significant ( P 0 0.5) .However ,the differences were statistically significant ( P <0 0.5) at 3 months and 7 months after birth .[Conclusion]Pregnant women with HBsAg positive who delivered by cesarean section had a significantly reduced HBsAg positive rate in their newborns ,and it is worthy of clinical application .